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ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards > review guide scinec chpt 2 - 2 > Flashcards

review guide scinec chpt 2 - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is biosynthesis

A

living things putting together substances

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2
Q

is it morally acceptable to create life

A

ya, not making humans, but animals

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3
Q

what are organic compounds

A

is a large group of chemical compounds with one or more carbon atoms that are covalently liked

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4
Q

What kind of bonds does carbon have when they bond to each other

A

they have covalent bonds

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5
Q

what kinds of shapes do carbon bonds form

why important

A

they form:
stright
branched chains
rings
single
double
triple bonds

it allows different ways to like cardon

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6
Q

what are the 4 groups of organic compounds

A

carbohydrates - sugars
lipids - fats
proteins
nucleic acids

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7
Q

what are the 3 functions of organic compounds

A

structural - helps with cell wall/membrane
enzymatic
storage

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8
Q

what are carbohydrates made of

what do they do

A

made up of:
cardon
hydrogen
oxygen

they store energy

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9
Q

what is the differnce btwn monosaccharides ad disaccharides

A

monosaccharides are simple sugars
disaccharides are monosaccharides liked together

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10
Q

what type of saccharides is glucose

where does this sugar come from

A

its a monosaccharid

comes from animals

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11
Q

what is a dehydration synthesis

A

making something by taking water out of something

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12
Q

where is lactose and sucrose found

A

lactose is found in milk

sucrose if found in sugar

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13
Q

what is hydrolysis

A

disaccharides are broken down by water to make monosaccharides

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14
Q

what type of saccharide is starch and glycogen

A

they are both polysaccharides

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15
Q

what is starch

A

energy storage for plants

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16
Q

what glycogen

A

energy stored or animals

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17
Q

where is cellulose found?

what is it

why is it important even though ppl cant digest it

what type if saccharide is this

A

found in plants walls

its a polysaccharide made of chains of glucose

it has fiber, which helps your digestive system

polysaccharide

18
Q

what is chitin used for

what types of animals have it

where is it found in the body

what saccharide is this

A

it’s used for insects exoskeletons

lobsters, shrimp, clams, insects

fingernails

polysaccharide

19
Q

what are lipids

A

fats

20
Q

what are the funtions of lipids

A

its fat, that stores (extra) energy

21
Q

what does it mean when it says lipids are semi-soluble

A

it means that lipids are not soluble in water, so they must be soluble by digestion.

22
Q

how much energy can lipids state compared to muscle

A

They can store 2 times more energy

23
Q

what is the difference btwn hydrophilic and hydrophobic

A

hydrophilic like water
hydrophobic is scared of water

24
Q

what are triglycerides

what do they look like

A

they are fats that store energy

they look like a chain of hydrogens and carbons

25
Q

what is the difference btwn saturated and unsaturated triglycerides

A

saturated - single bonds, unhealthy, solid at room temp

unsaturated - double bonds, liquid

26
Q

what are cell membranes made of

A

made of phoshpolipids

27
Q

what is the purpose of protiens

what are the building blocks of protein

A

they make a person unique

amino acids are building blocks

28
Q

what elements make up protiens

A

cardon
hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen

29
Q

how many amino acids are there

how many essential

A

20 different amino acids

9 are essential

30
Q

why is the order of amino acids important

A

its important because the order of them makes up different proteins

31
Q

what types of bonds hold amino acids together

A

peptide bonds *

32
Q

what happens if the shape of amino acids is broken

A

it might not function

33
Q

what do nucleic acids make

A

they make DNA & RNA

34
Q

why is DNA important

A

bleu print of organisms

35
Q

what is an enzyme

A

biological catalysts

36
Q

what is a catalyst

A

lowers activation energy for the reaction to occur
( coupon for energy)

37
Q

what are most enzymes made of

A

made out of proteins

38
Q

what does it mean to reduce the activation energy

A

to use less energy to make a reaction

39
Q

what happens to the function of enzymes if your body is no longer in homeostatasis

A

it prevents your enzymes from working

( making you sick, fever, hypo)

40
Q

what is the lock and key model for enzymes

A

when substances bind to a enzyms and

ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards (48 decks)

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