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ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards > Chp 4 notes > Flashcards

Chp 4 notes Flashcards

1
Q

four energy relationships

A
  1. everything needs energy
  2. when energy is used some of it lost
  3. Cell store energy for whenever they need it
  4. Have to keep energy stores up
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2
Q

What are Autotrophs?
What do Autotrophs do?

A

Producers
Make their own food

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3
Q

What are Heterotrophs?
What do they do?

A

consumer
can’t make their own food

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4
Q

ATP chemicals

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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5
Q

What is ATP

A

Organisms store energy as cards, lipids, & protein

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6
Q

What does ( ate ) mean

A

oxygen

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7
Q

what does (phosph) mean

A

phosphorous

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8
Q

What does triphosphate mean?

A

3 phosphorus surrounded by oxygen

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9
Q

what are cards

A

starch and glycogen

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10
Q

how much can lipids store

A

2x more energy / gram then cards

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11
Q

when does protein come into use

A

last to be used

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12
Q

why is ATP better than protein and lipids and cards

A

Smaller and useable energy
accessed quickly

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13
Q

What are the things that makeup ATP

A

Phosphate - 3 groups
Ribose - 5 carbon sugar
adenine - base found in DNA

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14
Q

what kind of energy is ATP

A

chemical energy

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15
Q

Where is the energy stored in ATP

A

in bonds btwn phosphates

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16
Q

what happens when you break the phosphate bonds

A

releases energy

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17
Q

what happens when you use ATP

A

it turns into ADP
phosphate comes off
you make energy

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18
Q

what does ADP mean

A

Adenosine diphoshpate

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19
Q

how do you make ADP to ATP

A

add a Phosphate (P)

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20
Q

Why can’t ATP be stored?

A

it will break down
its unstable

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21
Q

ATP cycle

A

the cycle of ADP turning back to ATP

22
Q

What do plants need to make sugar

A

water
carbon
sunlight

23
Q

what do plants make?

A

sugar (glucose)
oxygen

24
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

taking light energy and converting it into chemical energy

25
Q

what things use photosynthesis

A

plants and algae

26
Q

what do plants make but don’t need

A

oxygen

27
Q

what is chlorophyll

A

green pigment
a catalyst for photosynthesis

28
Q

what do plants reflect and absorb

A

is absorbs blue and red (best way to grow plants)
reflects green

29
Q

photosynthesis formula

A

6H2O+6CO2 –> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

30
Q

what is ribose

A

its a five-carbon sugar your body makes

31
Q

How to power a light-dependent reaction?

what does it make?

A

water, light

oxygen (waste), ATP, NADPH

32
Q

what is NADPH

A

an electron downer
(gives an electron)

33
Q

how many steps does it take to perform photosynthesis?

what are the steps called?

A

2 steps

Light-dependent, Calvin cycle

34
Q

how to power a Calvin cycle

what does it make

A

carbon dioxide, ATP, NADPH

sugar

35
Q

what happens when you use NADPH

A

turns into NADP

36
Q

where does photosynthesis take place

A

happens in the grana of the thylakoid of the chloroplasts
(pretty much it happens in the chloroplast)

37
Q

specifically what happens in the Light-dependent cycle phase

A

chlorophyll absorbs light (red &blue) by photosystems 2 and 1
(PS2 & PS1)

38
Q

what is a photosystem?

A

a specialized protein to absorb light

39
Q

why does photosystem 2 go before photosystem 1

A

because PS2 is used first before PS1
(remember that)

40
Q

what happens when the PS2 gets a lot of energy

A

it puts it into an electron from the chlorophyll, the electron leaves the PS2

41
Q

how do we get new electrons for the PS2?

A

Water is separated into H (replaces excited
electron) and O2 ions

42
Q

What happens to the O2 when the H gets split

A

The O2 gets exerted (O2 leaves)

43
Q

What does the Electron pass-through

A

The (E.T.C) electron transport chain

44
Q

What is in the E.C.T

where is it located

A

A series of protein molecules

In thylakoid membrane

45
Q

what does the electron make when is passes through the membrane pump

A

H+
(powers ATP production later)

46
Q

after the electron goes through the first portion of the pump, how does it charged back up

A

by the PS1

47
Q

when the electron makes it to the end of the E.T.C what happens

A

The E.T.C give the electron to a NADP to mak it into a NADPH

48
Q

What does the ATP Synthase do with the H+

A

It make a ADP and convert it to a ATP

49
Q

nickname for Calvin’s cycle

A

Dark reaction

50
Q

what produces does the Calvin cycle depend on from the light dependant?

A

ATP
NADPH
CO2

51
Q

what happens CO2 binds with a RuBP

A

it makes 6-carbon molecules from the enzyme Rubisco

ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards (48 decks)

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