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ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards > Bio test review questions > Flashcards

Bio test review questions Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

study of interactions b/w living things & their surroundings

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2
Q

Organism

A

One single living thing

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3
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

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4
Q

Community

A

different species that live together in an area

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A
  • living and nonliving things in a given area
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6
Q

Biome

A
  • regional or global community of organisms characterized by climate and plants
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7
Q

Levels of organization

A
  1. Organism
  2. Population
  3. community
  4. Ecosystem
  5. Biome
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8
Q

What are the general methods used to study ecosystems?

A
  1. Observation
  2. Experimentation
  3. Modeling
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9
Q

Observation

Which is better long term or short term?

A
  • Act of careful watching over time (long or short)
  • Long-term, more insightful
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10
Q

Direct survey

A
  • watch animals directly with the naked eye
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11
Q

Indirect Survey

A
  • look for signs of animal like tracks, feces, or recent kill
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12
Q

Radio telemetry Survey

A

attaching radio collars to animals

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13
Q

Lincon-Peterson Index

A

N=M*S/R

N - Population Size Estimate
M - animals marked and released
S - Size of the sample on the second day
R - Animals recaptured on the second day

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14
Q

Quadrant Sampling

A
  • Randomly select plot
  • Count organisms in that plot, enter numbers into formulas
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15
Q

Density & Formula

A

number of species in a unit area

Total No. of individuals of a species in all quadrants/ / No. or quadrates * quadrates area

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16
Q

Frequency & Formula

A

percentage of sample plots in which a species
appears

No. of quadrates containing the species/
/No. of quadrates

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17
Q

T = Total population estimate Formula

A

T = NA

N = Total number of individuals counted /
/ number of quadrats

A = Total Area /
/ Area of quadrat

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18
Q

Pros and Cons of a Field Experiment

A

Pros: more accurate
Cons: difficult to determine cause and effect due to
variables

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19
Q

Pros and Cons of Lab Experiment

A

Pros: very controlled, can focus on specific parts of
organism
Cons: lacks the complexity of interactions

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20
Q

Modeling

A

Mathematical models to model and describe nature

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21
Q

What determines the balance of abiotic

A

what organisms can live in an environment
also Changing one factor can affect others

22
Q

Biodiversity

A

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

23
Q

Keystone species

A

Organisms that regulate many areas of an ecosystem

24
Q

Apex predators

A

Top preditors

Ex: Wolfes

25
Q

Trophic Cascade

A

When the top predator gets knocked out and the rest of the ecosystem goes to shambles

26
Q

What is the foundation of an ecosystem, and why?

A

producers, because they can make their own food, and other animals can eat them to get energy.
(They put energy into the ecosystem)

27
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

28
Q

Consumer

A

They get their energy from eating other animals

29
Q

What are the 2 types of heterotrophs?

A

Generalist - have a variety of a diet
Specialist - little to no variety of a diet

30
Q

Food chain

A

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

31
Q

Food web

A

Model of a complex network of feeding relationships and the flow of energy

32
Q

What is a hot spot

A

a region that has a rich amount of species coming from different biomes coming together.

33
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

34
Q

Herbivores

A

organisms that eat plants

35
Q

Carnivores

A

organisms that eat animals

36
Q

Omivores

A

organisms that eat both animals and plants

37
Q

Detritivores

A

Organisms that eat Detris, (dead plants)

Ex: earthworms

38
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms breakdown dead things and put the nutrients back into the soil

39
Q

Scavengers

A

Organisms eat dead things but keep the energy for themselves.

40
Q

Trophic level

A

Each step in a food chain or food web

41
Q

What are the levels of a food chain (trophic level)

A

Level 1 = Plant
Level 2 = Herbivores
Level 3 Carnivores

42
Q

Primary consumers

A

Animals that feed on producers; ex. herbivore

43
Q

Secondary Consumers

A

Carnivores that eat herbivores

44
Q

Tertiary Consumers

A

Carnivores that eat other carnivores

45
Q

Energy Pyramids

A

Show the distribution of energy among tropic levels

46
Q

Biomass

A

Measure of total dry mass of organisms in an area

47
Q

What is 90% lost with each trophic level

A

heat
waste

48
Q

Invasive species

A

a non-native species that infiltrates an ecosystem and off sets it be mass-spreading in population.

49
Q

Why do invasive species go “unchecked”

A

Their is no natural preditor to combat them.

50
Q

Hydro-logic cycle

A

Pathway of water on Earth from the atmosphere, to the
surface, below ground and back
Roughly 85% of Earth’s evaporation is from oceans

ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards (48 decks)

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