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Nutrition 2 (Semester II) > 11f. CV Health - Ischaemic Heart Disease > Flashcards

11f. CV Health - Ischaemic Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is IHD?

A

Imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
Associated with inadequate arterial supply via coronary arteries

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2
Q

What is the common cause of IHD?

A

Atherosclerosis

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3
Q

What are the two syndromes of IHD?

A

Angina
Myocardial infarction

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4
Q

What is angina?

A

Chest pain caused by insufficient supply of oxygenated blood supply to the myocardium via the coronary arteries

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5
Q

What are the two types of angina?

A

Stable angina
Unstable angina

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6
Q

What is stable angina?

A

Predictable transient chest pain during exertion or emotional stress
Symptoms resolve once O2 balance is restored

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7
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

Unpredictable
Occurs at rest
Plaque disruption initiates platelet aggregation, thrombus formation and vasoconstriction

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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of stable angina

A

Constricting chest pain
Worsened by exertion
Relieved by rest
SOB
Sweating

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9
Q

Causes/risk factors for angina

A

General CVD risk factors
Cigarette smoking
Vit D deficiency
Family history

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10
Q

Why is smoking a risk factor for angina?

A

Endothelial dysfunction
Vessel wall injury
OS
Elevates fibrinogen
Elevates platelet activation
Elevates inflammation

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11
Q

Why is vit D deficiency a risk factor for angina?

A

Vit D improves endothelial function by signalling for the transcription of eNOS
Modulates RAAS to lower BP

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12
Q

How is angina usually diagnosed?

A

ECG
Angiography
Cardiac stress testing

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13
Q

Examples of allopathic approaches to supporting angina

A

GTN spray (nitrates)
Ca channel blockers
Beta blockers
Revascularisation (stents, bypass)

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14
Q

What is myocardial infarction?

A

Acute blockage of a coronary artery usually due to a thrombus, resulting in the death of myocardial tissue

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15
Q

What happens to create a MI?

A

Prolonged ischaemia leads to myocardial necrosis
Ischaemic myocardial cells release adenosine and lactate onto nerve endings causing pain
Infarcted areas produce scar tissue
The remaining tissue hypertrophies, resulting in cardiac dysfunction

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16
Q

Causes/risk factors for MI

A

General CVD risk factors
Gender
Physiological factors

17
Q

Why is gender a risk factor for MI?

A

Men 3x more likely to experience MI
High androgen levels contribute to development of atherosclerosis

18
Q

What physiological factors are a risk factor for MI?

A

Stress
Sudden life events

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of MI

A

Severe, prolonged crushing retrosternal chest pain
Pain radiates to left shoulder/jaw/arms

20
Q

How is MI diagnosed?

A

ECG

21
Q

What is the allopathic approach to treating MI?

A

Morphine
Nitrates
Beta blockers
O2 therapy

22
Q

Natural approach to supporting IHD

A

Apply approach to CVD, with a focus on supporting blood flow
Optimise vit D status - promotes vasodilation
Warming herbs/spices - ginger, cayenne
Increasing movement - gentle exercise
Address stress

23
Q

Nutrients to support IHD

A

L-carnitine
Mg
Hawthorn
CoQ10
L-arginine
Ginkgo biloba

24
Q

Why is L-carnitine good for supporting IHD?

A

Improves FA utilisation
Improves myocardial ATP production

25
Q

Dosage of L-carnitine for supporting IHD

A

1000mg 2/day

26
Q

Why is Mg good for supporting IHD?

A

Deficiency shown to produce coronary artery spasms
Mg controls movement of Ca into smooth muscle cells, leading to smooth muscle contraction

27
Q

Why is hawthorn good for supporting IHD?

A

Flavonoids shown to inhibit enzyme thought to be responsible for dilating coronary arteries

28
Q

Dosage of hawthorn to support IHD

A

100-1500mg/day

29
Q

Why is CoQ10 beneficial for IHD?

A

Increases eNOS and NO
Anti-inflammatory effects

30
Q

Why is L-arginine beneficial for IHD?

A

Promotes vasodilation by increasing NO
Increases SOD levels

31
Q

Dosage of L-arginine to support IHD

A

1000-2000mg 3/day

32
Q

Why is ginkgo biloba good for IHD?

A

Enhances microcirculation and tissue perfusion
Scavenges ROS

33
Q

Dosage of ginkgo biloba to support IHD

A

60-120mg/day

Nutrition 2 (Semester II) (55 decks)

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