1.2 The structure and function of the cardio-respiratory system

Question 1

What does cardio-respiratory stand for?

Answer 1

The interaction of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 2

What are the three functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

Transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
Helps clot the blood
Controls body temperature

Question 3

What part of the blood allows the blood to clot?

Answer 3

Platelets

Question 4

What is the name given to the process of a blood vessel narrowing to help warm the body up?

Answer 4

Vasocontriction

Question 5

What is the name given to the process of a blood vessel widening to help cool the body down?

Answer 5

Vasodilation

Question 6

Name the different components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 6

Heart
Blood
Blood vessels

Question 7

What is the name of the blood vessel the takes blood from the lungs to the heart?

Answer 7

Pulmonary vein

Question 8

What is the name of the blood vessel that takes blood from the heart to the lungs?

Answer 8

Pulmonary artery

Question 9

What is the name of the blood vessel that take blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?

Answer 9

Aorta

Question 10

What is the name of the blood vessel that takes blood from the rest of the body to the heart?

Answer 10

Vena Cava

Question 11

Name the valve between the ventricles and the pulmonary blood vessels

Answer 11

Semi lunar valve

Question 12

Name the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 12

Tricuspid valve

Question 13

Name the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Answer 13

Bicuspid valve

Question 14

What is the name given the the part of the heart that separates the left and right side?

Answer 14

Septum

Question 15

Does the aorta carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

Answer 15

Oxygenated

Question 16

Does the vena cava carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 16

Deoxygenated

Question 17

Does the pulmonary artery carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 17

Deoxygenated

Question 18

Does the pulmonary vein carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 18

Oxygenated

Question 19

What is blood pressure?

Answer 19

The pressure of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.

Question 20

Define systole

Answer 20

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart contracts and pumps blood from the ventricles

Question 21

Define diastole

Answer 21

The phase of the heart beat when the heart muscles relaxes and the heart fills with blood

Question 22

During exercise what happens to blood pressure?

Answer 22

It increases

Question 23

Why does blood pressure increase during exercise?

Answer 23

More blood is being pumped around the body therefore there is more pressure of the blood vessel walls

Question 24

Describe the structure and function of an artery

Answer 24

Narrow lumen
Carry blood away from the heart
Thick walls and more elastic

Question 25

Describe the structure and function of a vein

Answer 25

Wide lumen Thin walls Carry blood towards the heart

Question 26

Describe the structure and function of a capillary

Answer 26

One cell thick Where gaseous exchange takes place Link arteries and veins

Question 27

What is the name given to the process of redirecting blood around the body?

Answer 27

Vascular shunting

Question 28

When we exercise what happens to blood flow to our organs?

Answer 28

It decreases

Question 29

What happens to the blood vessels going to our organs when we exercise and why?

Answer 29

They vasoconstrict to reduce the amount of blood going to the organs. This means more blood can go to the working muscles.

Question 30

When we exercise what happens to blood flow to the working muscles?

Answer 30

It increases

Question 31

What happens to the blood vessels going to our muscles and why?

Answer 31

They vasodilate to increase the amount of blood going to the muscles. This means more blood and more oxygen can be delivered.

Question 32

Regular exercise makes our body more .................................. at vascular shunting

Answer 32

efficient

Question 33

Name the four parts of blood

Answer 33

1. Red blood cells 2. White blood cells 3. Platelets 4. Plasma

Question 34

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 34

To carry oxygen

Question 35

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 35

To help fight infection

Question 36

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 36

To clot the blood

Question 37

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 37

Carries nutrients in the blood

Question 38

When an athlete trains at altitude what effect does this have?

Answer 38

It increases the number of red blood cells in their body. This means they can transport more oxygen

Question 39

What are the two functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 39

1. Get oxygen into the body | 2. Remove carbon dioxide from the body

Question 40

What is the composition of inhaled air?

Answer 40

Oxygen 20% | Carbon dioxide 0.4%

Question 41

What is the composition of exhaled air?

Answer 41

Oxygen 16% | Carbon dioxide 4%

Question 42

What happens to the rate of breathing during exercise and why does this happen?

Answer 42

It increases. This is to increase the amount of oxygen entering the body and to allow the additional carbon dioxide produced to leave the body

Question 43

What happens to the depth of breathing during exercise and why does this happen?

Answer 43

It increases. This increases the amount of oxygen entering and carbon dioxide leaving the body with each breath

Question 44

Define inspiration

Answer 44

Breathing in

Question 45

Define expiration

Answer 45

Breathing out

Question 46

Define vital capacity

Answer 46

The maximum amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs in once breath

Question 47

Define tidal volume

Answer 47

The amount of air inspired and expired with each normal breath

Question 48

What happens to tidal volume when you exercise?

Answer 48

It increases

Question 49

Does vital capacity change when we exercise?

Answer 49

No, it stays the same

Question 50

Why does vital capacity increase when you exercise?

Answer 50

To allow more oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out

Question 51

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 51

A sheet of muscle that sits below the ribs and lungs. When we breathe in it flattens to allow more space for the lungs to inflate. When we breathe out it moves upwards to force air out of the lungs

Question 52

Where are the alveoli found?

Answer 52

At the end of the bronchioles

Question 53

What process takes place at the alveoli?

Answer 53

Gaseous exchange

Question 54

What about the structure of the alveoli makes it ideal for gaseous exchange?

Answer 54

Large surface area | 1 cell thick

Question 55

Define gaseous exchange

Answer 55

The exchange of gases across a membrane. The gases move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 56

Define oxygen debt

Answer 56

The amount of additional oxygen needed at the end of anaerobic exercise to replenish oxygen stores and break down lactic acid

Question 57

Following what type of exercise does oxygen debt occur?

Answer 57

Anaerobic exercise