12.1

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Question 2

Genetic Drift

Answer 2

a random change in the frequency of gene variants (alleles) within a population, often caused by chance events like natural disasters or random mating patterns.

Question 3

Variation

Answer 3

the differences observed between individuals or groups of organisms within a species

Question 4

Fitness

Answer 4

an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce, ultimately passing on its genes to the next generation

Question 5

Adaptation

Answer 5

the process by which an organism changes over time to become better suited to its environment, leading to increased survival and reproduction

Question 5

Differential reproduction

Answer 5

the process of selective breeding of plants and animals, where certain variations that are useful are preserved and passed on to the next generation.

Question 5

5 fingers of evolution

Answer 5

pinky: small pop.
- alleles change due to change (genetic drift)

ring: non-random mating
- selected traits that turn out common for survival

Middle: mutation
- new gene added

point: migration
- gene flow

thumb: adaptations
- good or bad due to environment