3.2 and 3.3 Study Guide

Question 1

The monomer and polymer names for each macromolecule group

Answer 1

Carbohydrates-Monosaccharides-Polysaccharides

Lipids- Fatty Acids-Triglycerides

Proteins-Amino Acids-Polypeptides

Nucleic Acids-Nucleotides-Polynucleotides

Question 2

The functions of each macromolecule group

Answer 2

Proteins – Molecular Machines.
Nucleic Acids – Information Repositories.
Lipids – Waterproof Membranes.
Carbohydrates – Stored Energy.

Question 3

Similarities and differences in amino acid structure

Answer 3

The α carbon, carboxyl, and amino groups are common to all amino acids, so the R-group is the only unique feature in each amino acid.

Question 4

What happens during protein denaturation

Answer 4

the secondary and tertiary structures get destroyed and only the primary structure is retained.

Question 5

The four levels of protein structure

Answer 5

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

Question 6

Explain how tertiary structure is formed by interactions between the following:

Answer 6

the R groups of the amino acids that make up the protein.

Question 7

Hydrophobic interactions

Answer 7

the non-covalent force where nonpolar species tend to cluster in water in order to decrease the overall interfacial area between the hydrophobic species and water.

Question 8

Hydrophilic interactions

Answer 8

Any molecules that carry groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds can do so with water

Question 9

Acidic and Basic side chains

Answer 9

Acidic- aspartic acid or aspartate (Asp) and glutamic acid or glutamate (Glu).

Basic- arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and histidine (His).

Question 10

Cysteine side chains

Answer 10

thiol side chain in cysteine often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile.

Question 11

Examples of protein types and functions: i.e. enzymes catalyze chemical reactions

Answer 11

Digestive Enzymes: Amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin

Transport: Hemoglobin, albumin

Structural: Actin, tubulin, keratin

Question 12

Compare and contrast the structure and functions of different groups of macromolecules

Answer 12

Difference -
Nucleic acids: Stores and transfers info.

Carbohydrates; Store energy, provide fuel, and build structure in body, main source of energy, structure of plant cell wall.
Lipid: Insulator and stores fat and energy.

Protein: Provide structural support,transport, enzymes, movement, defense.

Similarity- large polymers that are assembled from small repeating monomer subunits.