7.4 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Meiosis
cell division to create gametes (egg and sperm)
Fertilization
restore chromosome # by combining egg + sperm
Homologous chromosomes
pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have similar genes, although not necessarily identical.
Sister chomatids
genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere
Haploid
single set of chromosomes (half)
Diploid
two sets of chromosomes
Somatic Cell
- mitosis
- diploid
- allowing the new organism to grow
Gametes
- meiosis
- haploid
- sexual reproduction
Crossing Over
a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up.
Ind- Assortment
describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop
Comparing and contrasting sexual and asexual reproduction
Sexually:
- two parents and leads to genetically unique offspring
Asexual:
- one parent and produces genetically identical offspring.
Sim:
- reproduction result in formation of a new life
Explaining how genetic variation can occur in asexual reproduction vs sexual reproduction
Sexually:
- parents pass on dif combs of their alleles to dif offsprings
- offsprings have 2 have 2 ver. of the same gene-one from each parent
Asexual:
- Bacteria can give genes to each other that then get passed and when the cell divides
Sim:
- Mutations that occur during cell division can cause new alleles that could lead to new traits
Comparing and contrasting prophase of mitosis with prophase I and II of meiosis
Mitosis- chromosomes scattered in dissolving nucleus, spindle fibers start to form
Meiosis-
I - 2 homologous chromosomes(tetrad) attached(diploid)
II - 1 homologous chromosome(haploid)
Comparing and contrasting metaphse of mitosis with metaphse I and II of meiosis
Mitosis- chromosomes line up in the middle while spindle fibers are holding them down
Meiosis-
I - tetrads line up in the middle
II - haploids line up in the middle
Comparing and contrasting anaphase of mitosis with anaphase I and II of anaphase
Mitosis- sister chromatids separate
Meiosis-
I - homologous chromosomes separate –> sister still attached
II - haploid: sister chromatids separate
Comparing and contrasting parent and daughter cells of mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis:
- DNA of parent and daughter are =
Meiosis:
- haploid = daughter
- germ = parent
