Auxiliaire HAVE Flashcards

1
Q

Invariant sémantique de HAVE

A
  • HAVE est un opérateur de repérage, il a une valeur de localisation, cad de différenciation, en effet, quand deux termes ne sont pas identiques l’un des deux est forcément situé, localisé par rapport à l’autre.
  • dans l’usage HAVE n’est pas toujours utilisé pour la possession.

Etymologie: habban (hold, possess). La possession (effet de sens) vient de “saisir”
Symbole X =/= Y (pas égal)

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2
Q

Types de HAVE

A

HAVE verbe → purement lexical = possess (sens ambiguë)
> I have a son

HAVE auxiliaire → purement grammatical, souvent combiné avec d’autres opérateurs -EN, TO
> I have lived in New York for 5 years.

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3
Q

Effets de sens de HAVE (9)

A
  • la possession
  • la propriété
  • la propriété non-permanente
  • le prédicat nominalisé
  • la rethématisation
  • la valeur causative
  • l’obligation
  • le parfait
  • le repérage d’une situation
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3
Q

HAVE et la possession

A

I have a car
Object alienable

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4
Q

HAVE et la propriété

A

He has blue-eyes
Object inalienable

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5
Q

HAVE et la propriété non-permanente

A

She has a bad cold
She has temperature

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6
Q

HAVE et le prédicat nominalisé

A

have lunch = to lunch
He is having lunch
Have a fight, a good cry, a try, a go…

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7
Q

HAVE et la rethématisation

A

Repérage par rapport à l’énonciateur “I HAVE”
I have a ladybird on my arm (= there is a ladybird on my arm)
I had my car stolen (=somebody has stolen my car) → J’ai ma voiture qui a été volée.

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8
Q

HAVE et la valeur causative

A

HAVE + S’
Faire faire quelque chose à quelqu’un
I had John wash my car (John est garagiste)
I had my car stolen (pour toucher l’assurance)

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9
Q

HAVE et l’obligation

A

HAVE TO, contrainte extérieur
You have to work

You must work (contrainte subjective)

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10
Q

HAVE et le parfait

A

HAVE + -EN
Localisation d’un événement passé dans la sphère de l’énonciateur
Tom has lost his keys

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11
Q

HAVE et le repérage d’une situation

A

HAVE + GN + -ING
Situation repérée par rapport à la situation d’énonciation
I had the baby crying all morning
I had the following situation : the baby cried all morning

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