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Reviewer > Earth Science Quiz 3 Q2 > Flashcards

Earth Science Quiz 3 Q2 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Sea-Floor Spreading

A

Apparent spreading of the sea floor due to divergence of plates.

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2
Q

Process of Sea-floor spreading:

A
  1. Nung nagkaroon ng space, tumaas yung bato galing sa ilalim
  2. Pagtaas nung bato, bumababa yung pressure causing it to melt and produce magma (decompression melting)
  3. since nasa ilalim ng water, mas mabilis na lumamig yun forming the new lithosphere/seafloor
  4. As it continue to do this, natutulak ung older seafloor eventually at nasisira doon sa subduction zone (which is why hindi lumalaki ang earth)
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3
Q

The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle again.

A

Subduction

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4
Q

Place where seafloor is pushed back into the asthenosphere are called ____________.

A

Subduction Zone

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5
Q

A central valley formed at the summit of the oceanic ridges as the molten materials continuously flow out from the ridges.

A

Rift valley

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6
Q

The sea-floor spreading was because of the ___________ (specific process)

A

Convection Current

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7
Q

Who gave the idea of sea-floor spreading?

A

Harry H. Hess

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8
Q

What theory was the sea-floor spreading derived from and who founded that theory?

A

Continental Drift Theory (CDT) by Alfred Wegener

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9
Q

What super continent did CDT refer about? and what was lacking for it to be an accepted theory?

A

Pangea, which drifted apart from each other.
There was lack of evidence about the breaking/drifting part.

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10
Q

What were Alfred Wegener’s evidences for CDT?

A

Fossils, Ancient Climate, Jigsaw Puzzle, Landforms

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11
Q

The Earth’s surface is ______ covered with water.

A

75%

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12
Q

What was the sequence of the theories/ideas connected to this topic:

A

Continental Drift Theory –> Sea Floor Spreading –> Plate Tectonics

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13
Q

These are any several vast submarine region covering nearly 3/4 of the Earth’s surface.

A

Ocean Basin

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14
Q

What are the 5 Ocean Basin? which are the 4 that we’ll stick with and why?

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Southern, Arctic, Indian (PASAI)

Sticking to 4 (Southern not included) because it was understood before na the bottom part were covered diretso by the other oceans.

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15
Q

Ocean Basins.
Largest - Shallowest -
Smallest - Deepest -

A

Largest - Pacific Shallowest - Arctic (kasi nasa tuktok)
Smallest - Arctic Deepest - Pacific (bcs of mariana trench)

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16
Q

What is bathymetry?

A

Bathy (bathos): the ocean depth, Metry : to measure = Science of measuring the ocean depth (Charting the sea-floor)

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17
Q

What are the 3 features of ocean basin (methods to map ocean floor)?

A

Sounding Line, Echo Sounding, Satellite Altimetry

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18
Q

Feat of Ocean Basin. Weighted rope lowered overboard until it touched the ocean bottom; Old method, time consuming, inaccurate.

A

Sounding Line

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19
Q

Feat of Ocean Basin. SONAR that measures depth by emitting high-freq sound and listening for echo from seafloor. (Property of Reflection)

A

Echo Sounding

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20
Q

What is SONAR?

A

Sound, Navigation, and Ranging

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21
Q

Feat of Ocean Basin. The shape of the sea surface
approximates the shape of the seafloor (measures altitude).

A

Satellite Altimetry

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22
Q

What are the 5 main features of the ocean?

A

Continental Margin
Abyssal Plains and Abyssal Hills
Mid-Ocean Ridges
Deep-Ocean Trenches
Seamounts and Volcanic Islands

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23
Q

Feat of Ocean. The submerged outer edge of the continent where continental crust transitions into oceanic crust.

A

Continental Margin

24
Q

What are the two types of continental margin?

A

Passive/Atlantic Type: Plate boundaries are in mid-oceanic ridge
Active/Pacific Type: Related to plate boundary

25
Q

What are the three parts of continental margin and its definition?

A

Continental Shelf: Gently sloping submerged part of the continent
Continental Slope: Abrupt drop
Continental Rise: Boundary of continent & the ocean floor

26
Q

Feat of Ocean. a. Extremely flat sediment covered stretches of ocean floor (kapatagan in continental) b. Elongated hills common on slopes of mid-oceanic ridge.

A

a. Abyssal Plains
b. Abyssal Hills

27
Q

Feat of Ocean. a. Elongated mound b. Elongated depression

A

a. Mid-Ocean Ridge
b. Trenches (Deep-Ocean Trenches)

28
Q

Feat of Ocean. Submerged volcanoes are called (a) ____________ while those that rise above the ocean surface are called (b) ____________.

A

(a) Seamounts
(b) Volcanic Islands

29
Q

Additional feats of ocean. A narrow steep-sided valleys that cut into continental slopes and continental rises of the oceans.

A

Submarine Canyon

30
Q

The surface of the earth is segmented into ______

A

Plates (segments of the lithosphere)

31
Q

What are the 7 major plates?

A

Eurasian
African
North America
South America
Antarctic
Pacific
Australian-Indian

EUR Ate NASA Antarctic PA AI

32
Q

What are some known minor plates?

A

Scotia
Caribbean
Arabian
Nazca
Philippine Sea
Juan de fuca

SCAN PHIL John

33
Q

What are 2 types of plates?

A

Oceanic and Continental Plates

34
Q

Types of Boundaries. Boundaries between two plates that are moving towards each other.

A

Convergent Boundaries

35
Q

What type of margin is convergent boundaries called? What stress is present?

A

A destructive margin and a compressional stress

36
Q

What are the 3 kinds of convergent boundaries?

A
  1. Oceanic-Oceanic (Aleutian)
  2. Oceanic-Continental (Andean)
  3. Continental-Continental (Continental Colission)
37
Q

What is most likely to subduct in oceanic-continental convergence and what does it form?

A

Oceanic plate (due to greater density)
It will form a trench and subduction zone

38
Q

Examples of Oceanic-Continental Convergence:

A

Rocky Mountain in North America
The Andes Mountain Range in South America (more famous)

39
Q

What is formed in oceanic-oceanic convergence?

A

Volcanoes formed on the ocean floor (island arc volcanoes), & it also forms ocean trenches

40
Q

Examples of oceanic-oceanic convergence?

A

The Mariana Trench
The Aleutian Islands
Japan Island Arc/Japan Trench

41
Q

What is formed in continental-continental convergence?

A

Folded mountains or mountain ranges

42
Q

Examples of continental-continental convergence?

A

Himalayan Mountains (India collided with Asia)
Appalachian Mountains

43
Q

Types of Boundaries. The boundaries between two plates that are moving away from each other.

A

Divergent Boundaries

44
Q

What forces are present at divergent boundaries? This boundary is also known as ____ __________.

A

Tensional Forces. AKA Rift Zones / Constructive Margin

45
Q

Feature of DB. Region where the continental lithosphere is weakening and stretching apart.

A

Rift Valley

46
Q

Examples of divergent boundary?

A

Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland splitting apart down the middle, Arabian & African plates rift apart.

47
Q

Types of Boundaries. These plates slide past each other.

A

Transform Boundaries

48
Q

What stress is present in transform boundaries? This boundary is also known as ______.

A

Shear stress. Conservative boundaries.

49
Q

Features of Transform Boundary and Examples of it:

A

Earthquake Zone or Fault Zone
Ex. San Andreas Fault Zone in California

50
Q

What are the 6 geological features?

A

Fault lines, trenches, volcanoes, mountain ranges, ridges, rift valleys

51
Q

What is the plate tectonic theory?

A

Idea that Earth’s CRUST & UPPER MANTLE are BROKEN into PIECES called PLATES that move around on the MANTLE.

52
Q

What are the three forces that are proposed as main drivers of plate movements?

A

Convection Current (convection cells within mantle)
Ridge Push (pushing at mid-ocean ridges)
Slab Pull (pulling at subduc zone)

53
Q

Convection Current.
a. _____ driven
b. How does it work?
c. This provides enough ______ to move the plates in the lithosphere.

A

a. heat
b. hot plastic-like material from mantle rise to lithosphere, moves horizontally, cools, sinks back.
c. energy

54
Q

What is ridge push also known as?

A

Gravitational sliding or sliding plate force

55
Q

Why does slab pull happen?

A

Older, colder plates sink at subduc zones (since mas dense na sila than the underlying mantle).. the sinking plate pulls the rest of the plate along behind it.

Reviewer (31 decks)

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