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BDS3 ANATOMY Student 1 > 5 - Anterior triangle and neurovascular structures > Flashcards

5 - Anterior triangle and neurovascular structures Flashcards

1
Q

What is contained in the carotid triangle? (8)

A
  • thyroid gland
  • larynx
  • pharynx
  • carotid sheath
  • branches of cervical plexus
  • superior root of ansa cervicalis
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
  • parts of CN XI and CN XII
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2
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

Medially
- common carotid artery
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery

Laterally
- internal jugular vein

Posteriorly
- CN X

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3
Q

Where does the carotid sheath run?

A

Foramen of carotid canal to aortic arch

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4
Q

Describe the course of the right common carotid artery.

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk branches from the aortic arch
  • CCA branches from brachiocephalic trunk
  • ICA and ECA branch from CCA at C3/C4 level
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5
Q

Describe the course of the left common carotid artery.

A
  • CCA branches from the aortic arch
  • ICA and ECA branch from CCA at C3/C4 level
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6
Q

Describe the course of the internal carotid artery and what it supplies.

A
  • no branches in the neck
  • ascends to brain via the carotid canal
  • provides anterior circulation to the brain
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7
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A
  • enlargement/dilation at the bifurcation of CCA
  • contains baroreceptors/pressoreceptors in the wall of the ICA
  • monitors blood pressure
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8
Q

What is the innervation of the carotid sinus?

A
  • CN IX via carotid sinus nerve
  • CN X
  • action potentials travel to the medulla
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9
Q

What is the carotid body?

A
  • small organ which houses chemoreceptors
  • located at the bifurcation of CCA
  • monitors blood gases
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10
Q

What is the innervation of the carotid body?

A
  • CN XI
  • CN X
  • afferent fibres travel to the medulla
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11
Q

What are the branches of the ECA? (8)

A
  • superior thyroid
  • ascending pharyngeal
  • occipital
  • lingual
  • facial
  • posterior auricular
  • superficial temporal
  • maxillary
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12
Q

What does the ECA supply?

A

Structures that are external to the cranium

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13
Q

Which branches of the ECA are found in the carotid triangle?

A
  • lingual artery
  • superior thyroid artery
  • occipital artery
  • ascending pharyngeal
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14
Q

What do the terminal branches of the ECA supply?

A
  • scalp (excluding forehead and orbit)
  • supplied by middle meningeal artery which is a branch of the maxillary
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15
Q

What are the terminal branches of the ECA?

A
  • maxillary
  • superficial temporal
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16
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the cranium?

A

Foramen spinosum

17
Q

What does the IJV drain?

A
  • brain
  • skull
  • face
  • parts of neck
18
Q

Describe the course of the IJV.

A
  • continuation of the sigmoid (venous) sinus
  • exits skull via jugular foramen
  • enters carotid sheath
  • runs laterally to the CCA
  • joins subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein (both sides)
19
Q

Which veins drain into the IJV? (7)

A
  • inferior petrosal sinus
  • pharyngeal
  • occipital
  • facial
  • lingual
  • superior thyroid
  • middle thyroid
20
Q

What is the inferior bulb of the IJV and where is it located?

A
  • dilation which has valves
  • prevents back flow when upside down or there is an increase in thoracic pressure
  • located in the jugular foramen
21
Q

Where is the superior bulb of the IJV?

A

Petrosal sinus

22
Q

What muscles runs across the IJV?

A

Superior belly of the omohyoid

23
Q

What does the EJV drain?

A
  • scalp
  • face
  • superficial neck
24
Q

What veins drain into the EJV? (4)

A
  • posterior external jugular
  • anterior jugular
  • transverse cervical
  • suprascapular
25
Q

Describe the course of the EJV.

A
  • begins at angle of mandible
  • descends posteriorly and crosses SCM
  • pierces fascia to drain into the subclavian vein
26
Q

Describe the course of the AJV.

A
  • arises at hyoid bone
  • runs along the midline through subcutaneous tissue
  • creates a communication across the midline with the opposing AJV, forming the jugular arch
  • drains into the EJV
27
Q

What does the facial nerve innervate in the neck?

A

Cervical branch - platysma
Digastric branch - digastric
Also supplies the stylohyoid muscle

28
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate in the neck?

A
  • carotid sinus and body
  • pharynx
  • stylopharyngeus
29
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

30
Q

What does the vagus nerve supply in the neck?

A
  • pharynx
  • carotid body
  • recurrent laryngeal nerves
31
Q

Describe the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerves.

A
  • both branch from the vagus nerve
  • right loops around the subclavian artery
  • left loops under the aortic arch
32
Q

What does the accessory (spinal) nerve supply in the neck?

A
  • SCM
  • trapezius
33
Q

Where does the accessory (spinal) exit the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

34
Q

What does the transverse cervical nerve supply?

A
  • branch of anterior rami of C2 and C3
  • supplies cutaneous innervation to SCM and anterior triangle
35
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis supply?

A
  • anterior rami of C1-C3
  • innervates infrahyoid muscles
36
Q

What does the cervical plexus supply?

A
  • anterior rami of C1-C4
  • infrahyoid muscles
  • diaphragm (via phrenic)
  • skin of anterior and lateral neck
  • inferior head
37
Q

Where is the brachial plexus located?

A

C5-T1

38
Q

Which branches of the brachial plexus are located in the neck?

A
  • dorsal scapular nerve
  • C5 branch to phrenic
  • suprascapular

BDS3 ANATOMY Student 1 (27 decks)

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