11 - Cranial nerves and blood supply to the brain Flashcards

1
Q

How does the subclavian artery enter the cranium?

A
  • vertebral branch enters the cranium via the transverse foramina and the foramen magnum
  • joins the basilar artery to provide the posterior of the brain
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2
Q

Describe what the ICA supplies in the cranium.

A
  • iCA provides middle and anterior cerebral arteries for anterior supply of brain
  • enters cranium via the carotid canal
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3
Q

Where does the ECA supply in the cranium?

A

Provides meninges via middle meningeal artery (maxillary branch)

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4
Q

What are the intracranial branches of the ICA?

A
  • middle cerebral artery
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • ophthalmic artery
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5
Q

What are the intracranial branches of the ECA?

A
  • maxillary artery
  • middle meningeal artery
  • ascending pharyngeal artery
  • occipital
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6
Q

What are the intracranial branches vertebral artery?

A
  • basilar artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
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7
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A
  • anterior to where the basilar artery crosses the pons and the vertebral artery crosses the medulla
  • where the cerebral arteries branch
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8
Q

Where does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Medial side of frontal lobe

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9
Q

Where does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A
  • lateral side of the frontal lobe
  • lateral side of the temporal lobe
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10
Q

Where does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Lateral and medial side of the occipital lobe

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11
Q

How does stroke affect the anterior cerebral artery?

A
  • contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss (mainly leg and foot)
  • unable to identify objects
  • personality change
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12
Q

How does stroke affect the middle cerebral artery?

A
  • contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss (mainly face and arm)
  • aphasia (LHS)
  • contralateral homonymous hemianopia
  • anosognosia (lack of insight)
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13
Q

How does stroke affect the posterior cerebral artery?

A
  • contralateral homonymous hemianopia
  • visual agnosia
  • memory impairment
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14
Q

Describe the dural venous sinuses.

A
  • spaces between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura
  • endothelium lined
  • venous drainages of brain and CSF resorption via arachnoid granulation
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15
Q

What are the dural septa?

A
  • falx cerebri
  • falx cerebelli
  • diaphragma sellae
  • tentorium cerebelli
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16
Q

Describe the confluence of sinuses.

A
  • found at the posterior of the cranium
  • where the straight sinus, superior sagittal and transverse sinuses meet
17
Q

What are the main venous sinuses in the cranium?

A
  • sigmoid
  • L/R transverse
  • straight
  • superior sagittal
  • cavernous
  • intercavernous
  • petrosal
18
Q

Describe the cavernous sinus.

A
  • one sinus made up of lots of small vessels
  • blood flows very slowly here
  • venous drainage of the face and mouth
19
Q

What is cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A
  • blood clot in the cavernous sinus
  • can be caused by infection within the danger triangle
20
Q

What causes an extradural haematoma?

A
  • fractures or trauma
  • loss of consciousness takes a few days
21
Q

What causes a subdural haematoma?

A
  • older age (falls, not fractures)
  • venous bleeds are slow and take weeks to present
22
Q

What causes subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A
  • associated with aneurysm
  • affects any age group
  • loss of consciousness very quick