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BDS3 ANATOMY Student 1 > 6 - Root of the neck > Flashcards

6 - Root of the neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery changes its name at the border of the 1st rib?

A

Subclavian artery - lateral border of 1st rib - axillary artery

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2
Q

Which vein changes its name at the border of the 1st rib?

A

Axillary vein - lateral border of 1st rib - subclavian vein

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3
Q

What are the anterior rami (roots) of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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4
Q

What are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus?

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
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5
Q

What are the 3 anterior divisions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
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6
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A
  • radial
  • median
  • ulnar
  • musculocutaneous
  • axillary
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7
Q

What are the 3 posterior divisions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • lateral
  • posterior
  • medial
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8
Q

What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

A
  • lateral
  • posterior
  • medial
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9
Q

Describe cervical pleura.

A
  • superior continuation of costal and mediastinal parts of parietal pleura
  • superiorly pleura forms pleural cupola
  • adheres to thoracic wall, but is distinct from visceral pleura
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10
Q

Where are the cupolas located?

A
  • posterior to SCM
  • around 2.5cm above middle 1/3 of clavicle
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11
Q

What is the suprapleural membrane?

A
  • Sibson’s fascia
  • strong fibrous connective tissue that is an extension of cervical pleura
  • connects to internal surface of 1st rib and transverse process of C7
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12
Q

What is the function of the suprapleural membrane?

A

Barrier to prevent changes in intrathoracic pressure drawing upon the contents of the neck

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13
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left CCA
  • left subclavian artery
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14
Q

Describe the course of the subclavian arteries.

A
  • begin posterior to sternoclavicular joints
  • ascend through superior thoracic aperture to enter root of neck
  • pass the lateral border of 1st rib to become axillary arteries
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15
Q

Describe how the subclavian is divided.

A
  • relative to the anterior scalene muscle
  • 1st part is medial to anterior scalene (origin - muscle)
  • 2nd part is posterior to anterior scalene
  • 3rd part is lateral to anterior scalene (muscle - lateral border 1st rib)
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16
Q

What are the branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A
  • vertebral
  • thyrocervical trunk
  • internal thoracic
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17
Q

Describe the course of the vertebral artery.

A
  • ascends in neck as cervical part
  • enters C6 foramen transversarium and ascends to C1 as vertebral part
  • exits C1 and travels medially to foramen magnum to form basilar artery with opposing vertebral artery
18
Q

What are the branches of TCT? (3)

A

Ascends and branches to:
- inferior thyroid artery (1y visceral artery of neck, largest)
- transverse cervical artery
- suprascapular artery

19
Q

What does the inferior thyroid artery supply?

A
  • thyroid
  • parathyroid
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • oesophagus
  • prevertebral muscles
  • spinal cord
20
Q

What does the transverse cervical artery supply?

A
  • trapezius (superficial branch)
  • rhomboids and scapula (deep branch)
21
Q

What does the suprascapular artery supply?

A

Supraspinatus fossa

22
Q

Describe the course of the internal thoracic artery.

A
  • no branches in neck
  • descends posterior to clavicle to 6th intercostal space
  • gives rise to anterior intercostal arteries which supply intercostal spaces
23
Q

What are the branches of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Costocervical trunk

24
Q

What are the branches of the costocervical trunk?

A
  • supreme intercostal artery
  • deep cervical artery
25
Q

Describe the course of the supreme intercostal artery.

A
  • ascends to 1st rib
  • gives rise to posterior intercostal arteries to 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces
26
Q

Describe the course of the deep cervical artery.

A
  • ascends superiorly to back of neck
  • supplies deep cervical muscles
  • anastomoses with occipital artery (ECA)
27
Q

What are the branches of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

28
Q

Describe the course of the dorsal scapular artery.

A

Highly variable origin

29
Q

Describe the course of the subclavian vein.

A
  • continuation of axillary artery after lateral border of 1st rib
  • runs parallel and anterior to subclavian artery
  • runs anterior to anterior scalene
  • drains into brachiocephalic vein
30
Q

What is the venous angle?

A

Where the IJV and subclavian vein join to form the brachiocephalic vein.

31
Q

What is the thoracic duct?

A
  • major lymphatic drainage channel that ascends from the thorax into the neck
  • enters venous system between the left IJV and left subclavian vein
  • lymphatic fluid drains into venous system
32
Q

What are the anterior vertebral muscles?

A
  • longus colli
  • longus capitis
  • rectus capitis anterior
  • anterior scalene
33
Q

What are the lateral vertebral muscles?

A
  • rectus capitis lateralis
  • splenius capitis
  • levator scapulae
  • middle and posterior scalene (scalene mass)
34
Q

What is the action of longus colli?

A

Flexes neck with rotation to opposite side (unilaterally)

35
Q

What is the action of longus capitis?

A

Flex head

36
Q

What is the action of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Flex head

37
Q

What is the action of anterior scalene?

A

Flex head

38
Q

What is the action of rectus capitis lateralis?

A
  • flex head
  • stabilise head
39
Q

What is the action of splenius capitis?

A
  • laterally flexes and rotates head/neck to same side (unilaterally)
  • extends head and neck (bilaterally)
40
Q

What is the action of the scalene mass?

A
  • flex neck laterally
  • middle scalene elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
  • posterior scalene elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration
41
Q

What is the action of elevator scapulae?

A
  • elevates scapula
  • rotates scapula

BDS3 ANATOMY Student 1 (27 decks)

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