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bds3 anatomy student 1 > 9 - Gross anatomy of the brain I > Flashcards

9 - Gross anatomy of the brain I Flashcards

1
Q

What are gyri?

A

Ridges of brain

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2
Q

What are sulci?

A

Small folds in the brain

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3
Q

What are the main folds and fissures in the brain?

A
  • longitudinal cerebral fissure
  • central sulcus
  • lateral sulcus
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4
Q

How are grey and white mater organised in the brain?

A

White mater is enclosed by grey mater - white on the inside

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5
Q

What is the overall function of the cerebrum?

A
  • cerebral cortex controls higher brain activity
  • memory, intelligence, personality
  • interpretation of impulses
  • initiation of voluntary movement
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6
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  • frontal
  • temporal
  • parietal
  • occipital
  • insula
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7
Q

Where is the insula located?

A

Deep to frontal, parietal and temporal

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8
Q

What divides the hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

Falx cerebri

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9
Q

What are folia?

A

Ridges of the cerebellum

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10
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A
  • posterior to medulla, pons and midbrain
  • inferior to cerebrum
  • lies in posterior cranial fossa
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11
Q

What connects the hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

corpus collosum

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12
Q

What connects the hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

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13
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

controls balance on the ipsilateral side of the body

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14
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A
  • medulla
  • pons
  • midbrain
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15
Q

Where is the midbrain located?

A

Junction of anterior/posterior cranial fossi

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16
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A
  • epithalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • thalamus
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17
Q

Where is the medulla located?

A
  • continuous with spinal cord
  • posterior cranial fossa
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18
Q

Where is the pons located?

A
  • forms bridge between medulla and midbrain
  • anterior part of posterior cranial fossa
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19
Q

What CN are associated with the midbrain?

A
  • CN III
  • CN IV
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20
Q

What CN are associated with the medulla?

A
  • CN IX
  • CN X
  • CN XII
21
Q

What CN are associated with the pons?

A

CN V

22
Q

What CN arise between the junction of the pons and medulla?

A
  • CN VI
  • CN VII
  • CN VIII
23
Q

What is another name for the insula?

A

limbic system

24
Q

What is contained in the insula?

A
  • hypocampus
  • fornix
  • amygdala
25
Q

How are the frontal and parietal lobes separated?

A

Central sulcus

26
Q

How are the parietal and occipital lobes separated?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus (medial side)

27
Q

How are the temporal, parietal and frontal lobes separated?

A

Lateral sulcus

28
Q

What are the different areas of the frontal lobe?

A
  • prefrontal cortex
  • motor cortex
  • broca’s area
29
Q

Describe the prefrontal cortex.

A
  • most anterior
  • problem solving, complex planning and decision making, personality
  • depth of feeling, judgement, initiative
  • coordinates all association areas
30
Q

Describe the somatic motor association area.

A
  • premotor cortex
  • anterior to primary motor cortex
  • learned movements
31
Q

What is a cortical association area?

A

An area that coordinates motor responses or interprets sensory information.

32
Q

Describe the primary motor cortex.

A
  • pre central gyrus
  • control of voluntary movement
  • specific areas of the gyrus map to specific body parts
33
Q

Describe Broca’s area.

A
  • motor speech area
  • production of speech
  • usually found in the left hemisphere (ie the dominant hemisphere)
  • regulates breathing patterns when speaking
  • coordinates muscles to produce correct sounds
34
Q

What is broca’s aphasia?

A

Patients can comprehend words but not form them themselves (speech and writing)

35
Q

What are the different areas in the parietal lobe?

A
  • primary somatosensory cortex
  • sensory association area (posterior parietal cortex)
36
Q

Describe the primary somatosensory cortex.

A
  • postcentral gyrus
  • tactile sensation
  • conscious perception of pain, temperature, vibrations, taste, touch etc
37
Q

Describe the posterior parietal cortex.

A
  • interpretation of the sensory information
  • spatial perception
  • cognitive function
  • ability to recognise objects without having seen them (ie feel with hands)
38
Q

What is the homunculus?

A
  • map of the body to the gyrus
  • motor and sensory
  • size relates to degree of fine motor skill or sensory feedback
39
Q

What are the different areas of the occipital lobe?

A
  • visual cortex
  • visual association area
40
Q

Describe the primary visual cortex.

A
  • located at the calcarine sulcus
  • receives visual information from the thalamus
  • conscious perception of visual information
  • right field of vision is represented in the LHS of brain
41
Q

Describe the visual association area.

A
  • relates information from visual cortex to previous experiences
42
Q

What are the different areas of the temporal lobe?

A
  • auditory cortex
  • auditory association area
  • Wernicke’s area
  • temporal cortex
43
Q

Describe the auditory cortex.

A

Perception of sounds including words, pitch and tone

44
Q

Describe Wernicke’s area.

A
  • language comprehension
  • found in dominant hemisphere
  • important to personality
45
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A
  • can form words but in meaningless sentences
  • rhyming words are often used
  • understanding of what words mean is lost
46
Q

What connects Wercnike’s and Broca’s area?

A

Arcuate fasciculus

47
Q

Describe the auditory association area.

A
  • recognition of words
  • memory related to grammar and vocabulary
48
Q

What is the function of the insula?

A
  • anterior involved in language (planning and coordination)
  • posterior involved in integrating information regrading pain
  • connected to olfactory cortex and gustatory
  • cardiovascular homeostasis
  • emotional and empathic response

bds3 anatomy student 1 (27 decks)

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