Module 2 lecture, part 2 Flashcards
What are some major themes in the current US healthcare system?
Cost control
Reducing national deficits and balancing federal budget
Preserving the quality of care
Universal coverage
What are the projections?
Deficits of nurses, dentists
Surpluses of physician specialists, pharmacists
Consolidation of fragmented allied health professions
Increased needs of public health approaches with focus on pops, information-driven planning, collaborative responses, and broad definition of health and health services
In what direction should we go?
Rational understanding of health services that includes health promotion and health protection strategies
Comprehensive basic benefit packages for all Americans
Benefit packages should have financing from the same source
What is the role of federalism and PH?
The Constitution
-Promote and provide for the general welfare
-Regulate international affairs and interstate commerce
“Health” is not found in the US Constitution
Federal gov’t involved in health matters through the states
Initial duties limited to preventing the importation of epidemics and assisting states and localities with episodic communicable dz
Describe the shifts in relative roles of gov’ts
Major roles of local gov’ts before 1875
States’ extensive involvement after 1875
Expanded federal gov’t’s role since the Great Depression (Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid)
New Federalism during the 1980s: decreased federal influence
Expansion of the federal gov’t’s role in the 21st century in response to new PH threats
What are the purposes of PH laws?
Protect and promote health
Ensure rights of individuals in the process
Is there one repository for the entire body of PH law?
No
What are the different forms of PH law?
Constitutionally based
-Where powers, duties, and limitations of federal law are established (and state in state constitutions)
Legislatively based
-Includes all of the acts and statutes enacted by Congress and state and local legislative bodies
Administrative law
-Promulgated within the executive branch of gov’t
Judicially based
-aka common law
-includes tradition, legal custom, and previous decisions
-Important for laws which have not been codified by various bodies
Which type of law contains the most frequently encountered legal interactions for health professionals and consumers?
Administrative law
How does administrative law have extensive impacts on daily life?
Immunizations required to enter school
Identifying sexual contacts for some STIs
Requirements for septic fields
Licensing health professionals
What are some other components of administrative law?
Developing and enforcing rules and regulations
No separation of powers in administrative law
Control points for the rule making process and final administrative decisions
-Reviewed and checked by committees and courts
On what basis do administrative agencies develop and enforce rules and regulations?
Enacted statutes
Why is no separation of powers justified in administrative law?
Administrative agencies often operate in a narrow and discrete area that requires a high level of technical expertise
What are the major levels of governmental public health?
National: federal health agencies such as DHHS and its components
Tribal: Indian Health Service
State: state health agencies such as HDs and human service agencies
Local: local PH agencies, often called local health departments
What range of activities do federal health agencies address?
Include, but not limited to:
-Research
-Training
-Primary care
-Health protection
