Module 5 lecture, part 4

Question 1

Crude death rate formula

Answer 1

Total deaths/total pop

Question 2

Age-specific mortality rate formula

Answer 2

Number of deaths within certain age grp/total # of persons in that age grp

Question 3

Cause-specific mortality rate formula

Answer 3

of deaths from a specific dz/total pop

Question 4

Infant mortality rate formula

Answer 4

of deaths from birth to 1 yr of age/number of live births that same yr

Question 5

What are common mortality measures?

Answer 5

Crude death rate
Age-specific mortality rate
Cause-specific mortality rate
Infant mortality rate

Question 6

Definition of utilization

Answer 6

The consumption of HC svcs and the extent to which HC svcs are used

Question 7

What are the use of measures of utilization?

Answer 7

Play a critical role in the planning of HC delivery capacity

Question 8

What do common utilization measures include?

Answer 8

Crude measure of utilization
Specific measure of utilization
Institution-specific utilization

Question 9

What are the components of crude measure of utilization?

Answer 9

Access to primary care svcs
Utilization of primary care svcs

Question 10

What are the components of specific measure of utilization?

Answer 10

Utilization of targeted svcs
Utilization of specific inpt svcs

Question 11

What are the components of institution-specific utilization?

Answer 11

Avg daily census
Occupancy rate
Avg length of stay

Question 12

What are the American beliefs in regards to the concepts of health and healthcare?

Answer 12

Biomedical model focused

Question 13

What are Americans’ beliefs and values and implications?

Answer 13

Strong belief in the advancement of science
A champion of capitalism
Entrepreneurial spirit and self determination
Principles of free enterprise and distrust of the gov’t

Question 14

Describe the biomedical model

Answer 14

Views optimum health as being free of sxs and emphasizes clinical dx and medical interventions to treat dz or sxs of dz

Question 15

What are the implications of a strong belief in the advancement of science?

Answer 15

Helped create the medical model

Question 16

What are the implications of being a champion of capitalism?

Answer 16

HC viewed as an economic good, not as a public resource

Question 17

What are the implications of entrepreneurial spirit and self-determination?

Answer 17

The production and consumption of health determined by individual capabilities, not based on HC needs

Question 18

What are the implications of principles of free enterprise and distrust of the gov’t?

Answer 18

Delivery of HC largely in private hands

Question 19

Principles of market justice

Answer 19

Health care: economic good
Free market conditions assumed
Markets’ efficiency assumed in equitable allocation of health resources
Production and distribution determined by market-based demand
Distribution based on ppl’s ability to pay
HC viewed as an economic reward of personal efforts and achievement
Ppl know what is best for them given information
Works best with minimum interference from gov’t

Question 20

Principles of social justice

Answer 20

Health care: social resource
Requires active gov’t involvement
Assumes that gov’t is more efficient in allocating health resources equitably
Medical resources allocation determined by central planning
Ability to pay is inconsequential for receiving medical care
Equal access to medical care viewed as a basic right

Question 21

Implications of market justice

Answer 21

Individual responsibility for health
Benefits based on individual purchasing power
Limited obligation to the collective good
Emphasis on individual wellbeing
Private solutions to social problems
Rationing based on ability to pay: demand-side rationing or price rationing

Question 22

Implications of social justice

Answer 22

Collective responsibility for health
Everyone entitled to a basic package of benefits
Strong obligation to the collective good
Community wellbeing supersedes that of the individual
Public solutions to social problems
Planned rationing of health care: supply-side rationing

Question 23

Limitations of market justice

Answer 23

Principles fail to rectify critical human concerns
Does not always protect society
Market justice does not work well in health care delivery

Question 24

Why does market justice fail to rectify critical human concerns?

Answer 24

Health care related to human productivity and achievement, and basic human dignity

Question 25

Why does market justice not always protect society?

Answer 25

Ill health is not always confined to an individual

Question 26

Why does market justice not always work well in HC delivery?

Answer 26

Economic prosperity did not reduce the number of uninsured