Module 6 lecture, part 2

Question 1

How many more PCPs are needed by 2025?

Answer 1

52,000

Question 2

Describe geographic maldistribution among physicians

Answer 2

Physician shortage outside metropolitan area
19.3% of U.S. pop, but 11.4% of physicians in rural areas

Question 3

Describe specialty maldistribution among physicians

Answer 3

47.7% generalists, 52.3% specialists
The proportion of active PCPs declining since 1949

Question 4

Reasons for specialty maldistribution among physicians

Answer 4

Medical tech
Reimbursement methods
Specialty-oriented medical education

Question 5

Consequences of physician specialty maldistribution

Answer 5

High volume of intensive, expensive, and invasive procedures
Rising HC costs

Question 6

Trends in international medical graduates

Answer 6

Steadily growing
25.5% of active physicians
1/4 of residency positions are filled by IMGs
Not the solution to the maldistribution because they eventually move to urban areas

Question 7

To what does maldistribution refer?

Answer 7

Either a surplus or a shortage of the type of physician needed to maintain the health status of a given pop at an optimum level

Question 8

Consequences of physician maldistribution

Answer 8

High volume of intensive, expensive, and invasive procedures
Rising HC costs

Question 9

What is the distribution of specialists in other countries?

Answer 9

25-50%

Question 10

What are the two levels of non-advanced practice nurses?

Answer 10

RN: ADN (2-3 yrs) or BSN (4-5 yrs)
LPN

Question 11

The nurse shortage is to be how much by 2030?

Answer 11

918,232

Question 12

Reasons for nursing shortage

Answer 12

Sluggish wages
Low job satisfaction
Inadequate career mobility
Falling nursing enrollments
Demand from other alternative sites

Question 13

What are the 4 areas of specialization for APNs?

Answer 13

Clinical nurse specialist (CNS): hospital
Certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)
Nurse practitioners- mostly primary care
Certified nurse midwives (CNM)

Question 14

Aspects of NPs

Answer 14

The largest group of non-physician practitioners
With competence as RNs in an expanded role with prescribing authority
Predominantly in primary care
Oriented toward HP and education

Question 15

What are PA’s relationship to physicians?

Answer 15

Licensed to do procedures and care under their supervision (on or off-site) with prescribing authority

Question 16

Other aspects of PAs

Answer 16

Evenly in primary and specialty care
Follow a medical model and focus on dz

Question 17

Role of CNMs

Answer 17

RNs with additional training from a nurse midwifery program
Lower rates of C-section and less use of resources

Question 18

Allied health professionals: training and responsibility

Answer 18

Trained in a science-related to HC
Responsible for delivery of health or related svcs

Question 19

What are two broad categories of allied health professionals?

Answer 19

Technicians/assistants
- < 2 yrs of postsecondary education
Therapists/technologists
-More advanced training
Often in independent practices

Question 20

What are examples of other allied professionals?

Answer 20

Dietitians
Dispensing opticians
Social workers
Surgical technologists

Question 21

Where are health service administrators employed?

Answer 21

At various levels of orgs that deliver health svcs with bachelor’s or graduate level degree

Question 22

What are common graduate level degrees for health service administrators?

Answer 22

MHA (Master in Health Administration)
MHSA (Master in Health Service Administration)
MBA
MPH
MPA (Master in Public Administration/Affairs)

Question 23

Challenges of health service adminstrators

Answer 23

Changes in financing and payment structures
Decreasing levels of reimbursement
Pressure of uncompensated care
High quality
Community health service
Demands by both public and private payers
New policy developments
Changing competitive environment
Maintaining integrity

Question 24

How many countries faced a workforce crisis in 2006?

Answer 24

57

Question 25

In 2006, what was the workforce distribution and where was the workforce crisis?

Answer 25

< 23 health workers per 10,000 ppl
Mostly poor and predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa

Question 26

Trends in workforce shortage

Answer 26

Shorter of PCPs in general
Shortage of geriatric workforce expected in Europe and the U.S.

Question 27

The migration of health professionals is occurring where?

Answer 27

Developing to developed countries