Study guide for the final part 4 Flashcards
What are the American beliefs in regards to the concepts of health and healthcare?
Biomedical model focused
What are Americans’ beliefs and values and implications?
Strong belief in the advancement of science
A champion of capitalism
Entrepreneurial spirit and self determination
Principles of free enterprise and distrust of the gov’t
Principles of market justice
Health care: economic good
Free market conditions assumed
Markets’ efficiency assumed in equitable allocation of health resources
Production and distribution determined by market-based demand
Distribution based on ppl’s ability to pay
HC viewed as an economic reward of personal efforts and achievement
Ppl know what is best for them given information
Works best with minimum interference from gov’t
Principles of social justice
Health care: social resource
Requires active gov’t involvement
Assumes that gov’t is more efficient in allocating health resources equitably
Medical resources allocation determined by central planning
Ability to pay is inconsequential for receiving medical care
Equal access to medical care viewed as a basic right
Implications of market justice
Individual responsibility for health
Benefits based on individual purchasing power
Limited obligation to the collective good
Emphasis on individual wellbeing
Private solutions to social problems
Rationing based on ability to pay: demand-side rationing or price rationing
Implications of social justice
Collective responsibility for health
Everyone entitled to a basic package of benefits
Strong obligation to the collective good
Community wellbeing supersedes that of the individual
Public solutions to social problems
Planned rationing of health care: supply-side rationing
Limitations of market justice
Principles fail to rectify critical human concerns
Does not always protect society
Market justice does not work well in health care delivery
Why does market justice fail to rectify critical human concerns?
Health care related to human productivity and achievement, and basic human dignity
Why does market justice not always protect society?
Ill health is not always confined to an individual
Why does market justice not always work well in HC delivery?
Economic prosperity did not reduce the number of uninsured
What is the role of federalism and PH?
The Constitution
-Promote and provide for the general welfare
-Regulate international affairs and interstate commerce
“Health” is not found in the US Constitution
Federal gov’t involved in health matters through the states
Initial duties limited to preventing the importation of epidemics and assisting states and localities with episodic communicable dz
Describe the shifts in relative roles of gov’ts
Major roles of local gov’ts before 1875
States’ extensive involvement after 1875
Expanded federal gov’t’s role since the Great Depression (Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid)
New Federalism during the 1980s: decreased federal influence
Expansion of the federal gov’t’s role in the 21st century in response to new PH threats
What are the major levels of governmental public health?
National: federal health agencies such as DHHS and its components
Tribal: Indian Health Service
State: state health agencies such as HDs and human service agencies
Local: local PH agencies, often called local health departments
What range of activities do federal health agencies address?
Include, but not limited to:
-Research
-Training
-Primary care
-Health protection
What are the key public health service agencies?
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
Indian Health Service (IHS)
Centers for Dz Control and Prevention (CDC)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Agency for Toxic Substance and Dz Registry (ATSDR)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
