Module 3 lecture part 3

Question 1

Is demand for PH occupations growing? If yes, what occupations does this include?

Answer 1

Yes.
Epidemiologists
Health educators
Health information specialists
Emergency response coordinators
Public Health Information Officers

Question 2

What are the core competencies for PH professionals (8 domains)?

Answer 2

Analytic/assessment skills
Policy development/program planning skills
Communication skills
Cultural competency skills
Community dimension of practice skills
PH sciences skills
Financial planning and management skills
Leadership and systems thinking skills

Question 3

To whom do tier 1 competencies apply?

Answer 3

Those who carry out the day-to-day tasks of PH organizations

Question 4

To whom do tier 2 competencies apply?

Answer 4

PH professionals in program management or supervisory roles

Question 5

To whom do tier 3 competencies apply?

Answer 5

PH professionals at a senior management level and to leaders of PH organizations

Question 6

What are the practical uses for the competency framework?

Answer 6

Serve as models for:
Developing job descriptions
Training of new employees
Employee self-assessment
Supervisors Employee Performance Assessment

Question 7

What improvements are needed in the competencies?

Answer 7

Workforce planning and training based on PH practice competencies
Certifying competencies among practitioners

Question 8

What are issues related to comprehensive PH workforce development?

Answer 8

Valuing and promoting PH competencies and credentials in the workplace
Credentialing:
-Use of health professional credentialing
Credentials specific to PH: the “Certified in PH” credential
Lack of a common currency in the form of PH continuing education unit

Question 9

When did the certified in public health credential begin for MPH program graduates?

Answer 9

2008

Question 10

What would a common currency in the form of PH continuing education units provide?

Answer 10

A considerable incentive for competency-based approaches to PH workforce development?

Question 11

What is the capacity?

Answer 11

Aka inputs
The structural components of the PH infrastructure

Question 12

What do processes represent?

Answer 12

What those inputs do

Question 13

How is the bottom line measured in public sector organization as opposed to private organizations?

Answer 13

Health outcomes instead of profits or consumer satisfaction

Question 14

What type of environments are public sector organizations as opposed to private orgs?

Answer 14

Political and bureaucratic that are unique

Question 15

How has management in public sector orgs changed?

Answer 15

Went from command and control approach to collaborative approaches to address complex problems that can be solved in collaboration with other agencies

Question 16

What is the link to the community in public sector orgs?

Answer 16

Boards of health
Advisory committees

Question 17

From where are specific authorities derived in public sector organizations?

Answer 17

Statutes or ordinances

Question 18

By 2013, what percentage of LHDs had a local board of heatlh?

Answer 18

70%

Question 19

Who was more likely to have a local board of health: Larger or smaller local health depts?

Answer 19

Smaller

Question 20

What are components of leadership in PH?

Answer 20

Emphasis on collective and individual leadership
Leadership as an agent of social change because of the nature of the problems it deals with and the approaches to solve them.
Moving away from physician directors in state and local HDs

Question 21

What fraction of LHDs have a physician CEO?

Answer 21

1/8

Question 22

The modern PH system represents the work of both _____ and ____ orgs

Answer 22

Government
Non-government

Question 23

What are some examples of NGOs that play major roles in PH activities?

Answer 23

National TB Association
National Consumers League
American Red Cross
March of Dimes
Mothers Against Drunk Driving
American Medical Association
Labor orgs

Question 24

Has the importance of collaboration with other agencies and orgs increased or decreased?

Answer 24

Increased

Question 25

What are coalitions and consortia?

Answer 25

Formal partnerships involving 2 or more grps working together to achieve specific goals according to a common plan

Question 26

What are the advantages of coalitions and consortia?

Answer 26

Function more efficiently d/t shared work plans and resources
Conserve limited resources
Reach a larger part of the community
Carry greater credibility
A broad range of inputs and perspectives
Better communication and information flows

Question 27

What surveillance systems are used to monitor health status and RFs?

Answer 27

US Census
CDC NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) data

Question 28

To what uses are information resources useful?

Answer 28

Assessment function of PH
Surveillance systems
Community planning and organizational planning
Evidence-based policies and decisions

Question 29

Why does the assessment function need information resources?

Answer 29

Monitor health status and risk factors
ID and eval community resources
Inform and advise manager, policy makers, and the public

Question 30

What are the principles of PH information?

Answer 30

Recognize different types of data
Provide for integrated management to:
-Meet individual needs
-Portray individuals’ program participation patterns
Maintain service orientation
Ensure flexibility to:
-Adapt to the differences in data collection resources at the local level
-Accommodate broader PH data needs
Achieve system compatibility to allow data flow and functioning across systems
Protect confidentiality

Question 31

What are two different types of data?

Answer 31

Encounter-based
Population-based

Question 32

Why do organizations need information resources?

Answer 32

Strategic and operational planning activities

Question 33

Why is it difficult to link financial expenditures to the core functions and EPHS framework?

Answer 33

Both pop-based and personal health services included in the framework
Not looking like EPHS, even though they actually are
Some personal health services are included in the EPHS framework
Other non-public sector entities doing EPHS
-1/4 to 1/3 by non-governmental PH agencies
Some essential PH service activities:
-Are not categorized as PH activities
-Performed by non-public health governmental agencies
-Imbedded in other gov’t-sponsored programs

Question 34

What were the US total health expenditures in 2012?

Answer 34

$2.5 trillion

Question 35

What were the PH expenditures in the US in 2012, both actual amount, and percentage of the total health expenditures?

Answer 35

$120 billion, 4.3% of the total health expenditures

Question 36

How much was spent in 2012 for population-based services, and how much was this per person/yr?

Answer 36

$25 to $30 billion: < $100 per person/yr

Question 37

How much was spent in 2012 for personal care?

Answer 37

$90 to $95 billion for personal care

Question 38

How much in 2012 was spent per person per yr for the entire

Answer 38

$380

Question 39

What are the fractions of pop-based service expenditures?

Answer 39

2/3 from non-federal (state and local) sources
1/3 from federal sources

Question 40

Why is having the most expenditures from non-federal sources a source of concern?

Answer 40

Bc of the weak tax bases of state and local gov’ts and political opposition to tax increases.

Question 41

What were the PH Infrastructure Objectives categories for Healthy Ppl 2020?

Answer 41

Workforce
Data and info systems
PH orgs

Question 42

How many objectives in the infrastructure for Healthy Ppl 2020 were there?

Answer 42

17