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Flashcards in 1.3 Deck (33)
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1
Q

where and at what rate are RBC synthesized

A

In the red bone marrow at a rate of 200 billion per day

2
Q

where can red bone marrow be found

A

flat bones, irrectular bones, and epiphyses of long bones

3
Q

where can yellow bone marrow be found

A

Medullary cavity

4
Q

true or false: in cases of severe blood loss, the body can convert yellow marrow back to red marrow to increase blood cell production

A

TRUE

5
Q

where are RBC formed in the fetus

A

in the liver and spleen

6
Q

what is the term used to describe when RBC are synthesized in the liver of spleen

A

extramedullary erythropoiesis

7
Q

when can extramedullary erythropoiesis occur in an adult

A

When a disease destroys the bone marrow

8
Q

what is the most important growth factor in erythropoiesis

A

Erythropoietin

9
Q

what is erythropoitin released by

A

by the kidney (and to a small extent by the liver)

10
Q

what are reticulocytes

A

immature RBC still containing some organells

11
Q

what are the absolute ‘ingredients” for making normal RBC

A

amino acids, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12

12
Q

how can reticulocytes be be identified

A

by very slight basophilic staining (stains the organells)

13
Q

true or false: erythropoietin production involves a positive feedback loop

A

false: negative feedback loop

14
Q

what makes the EPO levels drop

A

increased levels of oxygen

15
Q

what occurs when oxygen levels are low in regards to EPO (erythropoietin)

A

EPO levels rise, RBC productions increases until oxygen levels return to normal

16
Q

how many major protiens types are part of the RBC cell wall

A

only 10-15 (other cells may have hundreds) major proteins and many minor proteins

17
Q

what is unique about the RBC cytoskeleton

A

some or the proteins are only found in the RBC

18
Q

what is band 3

A

in integral protein makin up about 25% of all proteins in the red blood cell,

  • function in anion transport
  • linkage of the lipid bilater to the underlying membrane skeleton
19
Q

what is glycophorins

A

negatively charged proteins that reduce the interaction of red cells with on another and with other cells

20
Q

aquaorin -1

A

serve as selectiveprotesfr water transprot

21
Q

what peripheral proteins are importatn to provide RBC with a flexible, but resilient and stable membrane

A
  • ankerin
  • protein 4.1
  • protein 4.2
  • spectrin
22
Q

what causes hereditary spherocytosis

A

defects in the red cell protiens

23
Q

what happens to abnormally shaped RBC

A

the undergo hemolysis and suffer pre-matrue destruction

24
Q

what processes in the red blood cell require energy

A
  • red cell membraneintegrity
  • red cell shape
  • hemoglobin sulfhygryl groups must be maintained in reduced froms
  • iron must be kept in reduced from
  • ion gradient
25
Q

what occurs when a RBS has insuffeceint energy

A

the call becomes a spherocyte (spherical)

26
Q

erythrocyte cludose metablolism depends on what

A

exclusively on cytosolic proteins

27
Q

about 90% of glucose in RBC is matabolized how

A

by glycolosis

28
Q

how much RBC glucose is matabolized through the pentose phosphate pathway

A

10%

29
Q

what enzyme is necessary for the PPP

A

glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

30
Q

where is the spleen located

A

in LUQ (left upper quadrant)

31
Q

when it the spleen most often injured

A

abdominal trauma

32
Q

what saline solution of isotonic with plasma

A

0.9% Nacl solution

33
Q

what is an other term used for when a cell increases volume

A

creanete