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Flashcards in Heme 1.1 Deck (34)
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1
Q

Define Hematology

A

1) the study of blood and the blood forming organs
2) the subspecialty of the internal medicine which concerns itself with the investigation and treatment of diseases of the blood and blood forming tissues

2
Q

what are the four basic functions of blood? (4)

A

1) major transportation medium -permeates all organs and tissues
2) homeostasis the quantity of everything in the blood is regulated in the some fashion
3) buffering
4) temperature regulation

3
Q

what percentage of blood is Plasma?

A

55%

4
Q

what percentage of blood is the buffy coat?

A

<1%

5
Q

what percentage of the blood is erythrocytes?

A

45%

6
Q

what does the formed elements consist of?

A

RBC, WBC, and Platelets (thrombocytes)

7
Q

what does the plasma contain?

A
  • water
  • solutes
  • plasma protiens
8
Q

what is Serum?

A

plasma minus the clotting factors

9
Q

what percentage of the body weight is blood?

A

about 8% (5-6 L male, 4-5L female)

10
Q

what is the salinity of the blood?

A

0.9%

11
Q

what is a normal “crit” count percentage wise?

A

37- 48% female, 45-52% male

12
Q

why are RBC lighter in the center?

A

Because of their biconcave shape

13
Q

how are RBC normally organized in the cell?

A

evenly spaced, occasionally form groups of 2-3 cells

14
Q

do red blood cells contain a nuceus?

A

no

15
Q

what is the primary function of the RBC?

A

solubilize, exchange and carry gasses

Buffering

16
Q

what function does the biconcave shape play on the RBC

A

to increase the surface area

17
Q

what are platelets?

A

Fragments of megakaryocytes that break off in the bone marrow before entering the peripheral blood

18
Q

what is the main function of Platele

A

Create a “Platelet Plug” which slows or stops bleeding to so clotting can occure

19
Q

How do WBC apeare under the microscope?

A

Depends on how the stain turned out

20
Q

how do neutrophile nucleii normally apear

A

typically devide into 3-5 lobes connected by thin stranded chromatin

21
Q

what is the most frequent WBC in the blood

A

Neutrophils (60-70%)

22
Q

what is the function of the neutrophil

A

Primary defense agains bacteria and fungi

23
Q

whay do neutrophils use for breaking down foreign objects

A

lysosomes

24
Q

what are the physical charecteristics of eosinophils?

A

2 lobes
Filled with granules
dyed with eosin (orange)
Defend against Parasites

25
Q

Basophils

A

lobes not well defined (s-shaped)
stained deep blue
least common amount the WBC

26
Q

what is the function of basophils

A

mediate infammatory reactions, particularly those that cause allergy symptoms
store lots of hitamine

27
Q

what is the name of the basophil when it enters the tissue

A

mast cells

28
Q

monocyte nucleus

A

“kidney shaped” NOT ROUND OR LOBED

29
Q

what causes the white area in the monocytes

A

The “negative Image” is from the lack staining of the large amounts of golgi

30
Q

what are monocytes called when they enter the tissue

A

Macrophages

31
Q

what are the smallest WBC

A

lymphocytes

32
Q

describe the nuceus of the lymphocyte

A

Large round necleus (almost takes up the whole cell)

33
Q

what is the function of lymphocytes (b or t)

A

identify non-self antigens

34
Q

how do NK cells function

A

they release small cytoplasmic granules of proteins called PERFORIN and GRANZYME that casue the target cell to die