Chi square

Question 1

3 types of chi square test

Answer 1

• Test for goodness of fit

• Test of normality

• Tests using contingency tables

Question 2

2 types of contingency table

Answer 2

➢ Test for independence

➢ Test for homogeneity of proportions

Question 3

could be parametric and Non-parametric but mostly Non-parametric if solving the aforementioned above.

Answer 3

Chi-square

Question 4

Use the _______________ to decide whether a population with an unknown distribution “fits” a known distribution

Answer 4

goodness-of-fit test

Question 5

Use when you have one nominal variable with two or more values rejected daw

Answer 5

goodness-of-fit test

Question 6

Observed frequency and expected frequency are very important

Answer 6

goodness-of-fit test

Question 7

how you phrase your null and alternative hypothesis when you use Test for Goodness Fit:

Answer 7

➢ H0 : The population fits the given distribution

➢ Ha : The population does not fit the given distribution

Question 8

– actual frequencies of each variables under study obtained from a sample

Answer 8

Observed Frequencies

Question 9

– frequencies obtained by calculation as if there were no preference

Answer 9

Expected Frequencies

Question 10

• It is rarely being used that is why in terms of MegaStat, we don’t have Test of Normality. We resort to manual input of formula in MS Excel

Answer 10

TEST OF NORMALITY

Question 11

Used to test a variable to see if it is normally distributed

Answer 11

Test of Normality

Question 12

Test of Normality hypothesis

Answer 12

Ho: The variable is normally distributed.

H1: The variable is not normally distributed.

Question 13

Involves finding the expected frequencies for each class of a frequency distribution by using the standard normal distribution

Answer 13

Test of Normality

Question 14

Actual frequencies (i.e. observed frequencies) are compared to the expected frequencies, using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test

Answer 14

Test of Normality

Question 15

• If the observed frequencies are close in value to the expected frequencies, the chi-square test value will be small, and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.

Answer 15

Test of Normality

Question 16

• If there is a large difference between the observed frequencies and the expected frequencies, the chi-square test value will be larger, and the null hypothesis can be rejected

Answer 16

Test of Normality

Question 17

Alternatives to Chi-Square Test for Normality:

Answer 17

• Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test
• Lilliefors corrected K-S test
• Shapiro-Wilk test, Anderson-Darling test
• Cramer-von Mises test
• D’Agostino-Pearson omnibus test
• Jarque-Bera test

Question 18

Test of Normality hypotheses

Answer 18

Ho: The variable is normally distributed.
H1: The variable is not normally distributed.

Question 19

TESTS USING CONTINGENCY TABLES

Answer 19

• Test for Independence
• Test for Homogeneity of Proportions

Question 20

• Used to determine whether two variables are independent of or related to each other when a single sample is selected

Answer 20

TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE

Question 21

Used to determine whether the proportions for a variable are equal when several samples are selected from different populations.

Answer 21

TEST FOR HOMOGENEITY OF PROPORTIONS

Question 22

Samples are selected from several different populations and the researcher is interested in determining whether the proportions of elements that have a common characteristic are the same for each population

Answer 22

TEST FOR HOMOGENEITY OF PROPORTIONS

Question 23

For example, a researcher may select a sample of 50 freshmen, 50 sophomores, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors and then find the proportion of students who are smokers in each level. The researcher will then compare the proportions for each group to see if they are equal.

Answer 23

TEST FOR HOMOGENEITY OF PROPORTIONS

Question 24

TEST FOR HOMOGENEITY OF PROPORTIONS Hypothesis

Answer 24

Ho:P1 = P2 = P3 = P4
H1: At least one proportion is different from the others.

Question 25

samples are selected from several different populations, and the researcher is interested in determining whether the proportions of elements that have a common characteristic are the same for each population.

Answer 25

Test for Homogeneity of Proportions