Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOSTAT > INTRO TO EPIDEMIOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRO TO EPIDEMIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Study of factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of disease in a population.

A

Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Public health professionals who investigate patterns, causes of disease, and injury to humans.

A

Epidemiologists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TYPES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (CCCSI)

A

Classical
Clinical
Chronic Disease
Syndromic
Infectious Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

○ Population oriented
○ Studies the community origins of health problems

A

Classical Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

○ More on community
○ Interested in discovering risk factors

■ Risk factors that might be altered in a population to prevent or delay a disease and even death.

A

Classical Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

○ Studies patients in health care settings
○ Improve prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and care of illness in individuals

A

Clinical Eidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

○ Investigators involved in ______ epidemiology, use the same research designs and statistical tools used in classical epidemiology.

○ More on health care settings

A

Clinical Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

○ Looks for patterns of signs and symptoms that indicate the origin in bioterrorism.

A

Syndromic Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

○ Study of the complex relationships among hosts and infectious agents.

○ Dependent more on laboratory support, especially on microbiology and serology.

A

Infectious Disease Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

○ Addresses the etology, prevention, distribution, natural history, and treatment outcomes of chronic health disorder.

○ Dependent on complex sampling and non-statistical methods.

A

Chronic Disease Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Population oriented
  • Focus on health problems in the community (e.g., infectious agents, human behavior; social, economical)
A

Classical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Patient oriented
  • Focus on health problems in the health care settings
A

Clinical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Patterns of signs and symptoms
  • Useful to indicate an origin in bioterrorism
A

Syndromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Investigates occurrence of epidemics of communicable diseases

-Dependent heavily on laboratory support (microbiology and serology)

A

Infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Study long term effects on chronic disease risk of physical and social exposure
  • Dependent on sampling and statistical methods
A

Chronic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The scientific study of disease can be approached at the following four levels:

A

Submolecular or Molecular Level
Tissue or Organ Level
Level of Individual Patients
Level of Populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cell Biology, Genetics, Biochemistry, and Immunology

A

Submolecular or Molecular Level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anatomic Pathology

A

Tissue or Organ Level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clinical Medicine

A

Level of Individual Patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Epidemiology

A

Level of Populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

STAGES OF DISEASE

A

Pre-Disease
Latent Disease
Symptomatic Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Before the disease process begins

Primary Prevention -to avert exposure to the agent of disease to prevent the disease process from starting

-Health Promotion
-Specific protection

A

Pre-Disease

23
Q

when the disease process has already begun but still asymptomatic

Secondary Prevention -Screening for the disease diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment to prevent progression to symptomatic disease

-Pre - symptomatic
-Diagnosis and Treatment

A

Latent Disease

24
Q

when the disease manifestations are evident

Tertiary Prevention -intervention may slow arrest or reverse the progression of the disease

-Disability limitation for early symptomatic disease
-Rehabilitation for late symptomatic disease

A

Symptomatic Disease

25
Q

When discussing the heterology of disease, epidemiologists distinguish between ___________ versus ________________________

A

biological mechanisms / social, behavioral, and environmental causes of disease

26
Q

elevated cholesterol are smoking, excessive fat intake, and lack of exercise

A

Behavioral factors

27
Q

■ a bone disease which has both biological and social causes

■ Weakening of the bone, usually through the deficiencies of vitamin D.

A

Osteomalacia

28
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIANGLE (HAVE)

A

Host
Agent
Vector
Environment

29
Q

○ Responsible for the degree to which the individual is able to adapt to the stressors produced by the agent

A

Host Factors

30
Q

Host Resistance:

A

Genotype
Nutritional Status
Body mass index
Immune system
Social Behaviour

31
Q

Agents of Disease or Illness (BPCS)

A

Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Physical Agents
Social and Psychological Stressors

32
Q

Allergens, infectious organisms, biological toxins, foods

A

Biological Agents

33
Q

Chemical toxins, dusts

A

Chemical Agents

34
Q

Kinetic energy, radiation, heat, cold, noise, physical wounds

A

Physical Agents

35
Q

Anxiety, Depression

A

Social and Psychological Stressors

36
Q

○ Influences the probability and circumstances of contact between host and agent
○ E.g., poor restaurant sanitation, poor roads or adverse weather conditions, crowded homes or schools

A

Environment

37
Q

○To be an effective transmitter of disease, a ______ must have a specific relationship to the agent, the environment, and the host May include:

Insects, arachnids, mammals
Human groups
Inanimate objects
Part of the environment

A

Vectors

38
Q

RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTABLE CAUSES

A

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors

39
Q

○ Genetics, nutritional status, reproductive activities, personal behavior

A

Intrinsic factors

40
Q

○ Man–made or naturally occurring carcinogens, viral infections, etc
○ WHO estimates majority of cancer cases are potentially preventable

A

Extrinsic factors

41
Q

Categories of Preventable Cause of Disease (BEINGS)

A

Biologic factors and Behavioral factors
Environmental factors
Immunologic factors
Nutritional factors
Genetic factors
Services, Social factors, and Spiritual factors

42
Q

Influenced by gender, age, weight, bone density, etc.

Change in behavior could prevent the outward outcomes

A

Biologic factors and Behavioral factors

43
Q

Epidemiologists describe the patterns of the disease, develop and test hypotheses about causal factors, and introduce methods to prevent further cases of disease

A

Environmental factors

44
Q
  • the epidemic was caused by an infectious agent which was distributed through the air conditioners and ventilation system
A

Legionella Pneumophila

45
Q

■ FIrst infectious disease known to have been eradicated from the globe

■ This was possible because vaccination against the disease can cause individual immunity and produced herd immunity

A

Smallpox

46
Q

When vaccine diminishes and immunized person’s ability to spread the disease, leading to reduced disease transmission

If the majority of the population is vaccinated, the disease transmission may be reduced

A

Herd Immunity

47
Q

■ Genetic abnormalities
■ Infections, certain medications

A

Immunodeficiency

48
Q

Dietary variations play an important role in producing differences in disease rates among populations

Burkitt suggested a mechanism by which high intake of dietary fiber might prevent diseases or greatly reduce their incidence

A

Nutritional factors

49
Q

■ Addresses the distribution of normal and abnormal genes in a given population

A

Genetic epidemiology

50
Q

■ Contribution of genes relative to all determinants of disease

A

Heritability

51
Q

■ Important in identifying problems in newborn and in determining susceptibility genes

A

Genetic screening

52
Q

■ May be beneficial to health but can also be dangerous

A

Medical care services

53
Q

■ Occurs when a disease is induced inadvertently by treatment or during a diagnostic procedure

A

Iatrogenic disease

54
Q

■ Personal beliefs, religious faith
■ Family support, social networks

A

Social and Spiritual factors

BIOSTAT (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions