Yellow card scheme Flashcards
1
Q
Adverse drug reaction
A
- Response to a medicinal product
which is noxious and unintended
2
Q
How does an ADR arise
A
- Use of a product within or outside the terms of the marketing
authorisation, e.g. from off-label use,
medication errors, overdose, misuse, or abuse
3
Q
What can an ADR cause
A
- Adversely affect patient compliance
- Reduce available choice of drug treatment
- Reduce potential efficacy of drug treatment
- Reduce quality of life
- Cause diagnostic confusion
- Reduce a patient’s confidence in their healthcare
professional
4
Q
Common ADRs A type
A
- Predictable - Bracycardia when using beta blockers
- Can be reversed by reducing drug
- NSAIDS
5
Q
Type B ADR
A
- Unpleasent and not dose realated
- Severe and fatal
- Achilles tendonitis caused by quinonlone antibiotic
6
Q
Type C ADR
A
- Reactions that occour after taking a drug for a long time
7
Q
Type D ADR
A
- Drug induced cancers
8
Q
Type E ADR
A
- End of treatment effects withrawal from opiates
9
Q
DoTS
A
- Dose time and susceptibility
- At doses below therapeutic doses
- Anaphylaxis with penicillin
- In the therapeutic dose range
- Nausea with morphine
- At high doses
- Liver failure with paracetamo
10
Q
Onset characteristics of ADR
A
- With the first or second dose
- Anaphylaxis with penicillin as it occours early, or after a time, or with long-term treatment
- First few days: nitrate induced headache
- Peptic ulcer with NSAIDs
- Several weeks: drug-induced Cushing’s syndrome
- On stopping treatment opiate withdrawal syndrome
- Delayed drug induced cancer
11
Q
Suceptability of patients
A
- Genetics - Greek and African origin are more likely
to experience breathing problems with codeine - Age – parkinsonism with metoclopramide in
adolescents - Sex – ACE-inhibitor induced cough more likely in
women - Physiological state – phenytoin in pregnancy
- Exogenous drugs or foods – warfarin, cranberry
juice, and increased INR - Disease – gentamicin & deafness in renal failure
12
Q
High risk population
A
- Dose related to height and weight able to identify potential error
- Older has Co-morbidities, Polypharmacy, Diminished reserve and Reduced renal or hepatic function
13
Q
Indicate an ADR
A
- Abnormal clinical measurement temperature pulse and blood glucose and lab results
- New therapy which may mask an ADR
- Reducing and stopping dose stopping the suspected drug
- Listen to patient
14
Q
How to avoid ADRs
A
- Avoid uncecessary drug usage
- Reduced drug action
- Avoid new drugs such as black triangle drugs
- Patient councelling
15
Q
Pharmacovigilance
A
- Important role in patient
safety - Detecting adverse drug reaction
- Continued saftety monitoring
- New drugs are less safe as there is a lack of experiance
