Hypothalamic and ANterior Pituitary Disorders

Question 1

GnRH stimulates what

Answer 1

FSH and LH

(GnRH is a releasing hormone, made in the hypothalamus, we need to know what all of these do.

Question 2

GHRH stimulates release of

Answer 2

GH

Question 3

TRH stimulates release of

Answer 3

TSH and Prolactin

Question 4

VIP stimulates what

Answer 4

Prolactin

Question 5

CRH and ADH stimulates release of what?

Answer 5

ACTH

Question 6

GH deficiency leads to what in children

Answer 6

Short stature

Question 7

GH deficiency in adults leads to

Answer 7

Various problems such as lipid metabolism issues

Question 8

FSH deficiency =

Answer 8

Infertility

Question 9

LH deficiency =

Answer 9

Men: hypogonadism and reduced sperm count
Women: hypogonadism, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea

Question 10

TSH deficiency=

Answer 10

thyroid deficiency

Question 11

ACTH deficiency=

Answer 11

hypoadrenalism; loss of pigmentation

Question 12

ADH deficiency

Answer 12

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 13

Oxytocin deficiency

Answer 13

failure of milk letdown, post-partum bleeding

Question 14

Only HUMAN growth hormone is effective

Answer 14

truth

Question 15

Handout: Define Long Loop negative feedback

Answer 15

Target gland hormone regulates secretion at hypothalamic and pituitary level

Question 16

Handout: Define short loop feedback

Answer 16

Pituitary gland hormone feeds back and regulates hypothalamic hormone release.

Question 17

Hanout: Define ultrashort loop feedback:

Answer 17

Hypothalamic hormone influences the secretion of its own hormone secreting neuron

Question 18

Hypopituitarism definition

Answer 18

Partial or complete loss of secretion of one or more pituitary hormones with clinical manifestations of pituitary failure.
Loss of isolated releasing hormones is called monotropic hypopituitarism
Loss of various releasing hormones is polytropic

Question 19

Pathoma: Non-functional tumors of the anterior pituitary gland often present with what?

Answer 19

Something called mass effect where you get bitemporal hemianopsia due to compression of the optic chiasm, headache, and hypopituitarism due to compression of normal pituitary tissue.

Functional tumors present with features based on the type of hormone produced

Question 20

What is the most common pituitary adenoma?

Answer 20

Prolactinoma

Question 21

How does prolactinoma present

Answer 21

galactorrhea (continuous flow of breast milk, amenorrhea (no menstrual cycle)

Question 22

Growth hormone cell adenoma in children?

Answer 22

Gigantism, increased linear bone growth because the epiphyses are not fused.

Question 23

Growth hormone cell adenoma in adults

Answer 23

acromegaly- enlarged bones of hand, feet, and jaw. Growth of visceral organs leads to cardiac failure

Question 24

Why is Diabetes mellitus often present in ppl with a growth hormone adenoma?

Answer 24

Because GH decreases glucose uptake by cells

Question 25

ACTH cell adenoma

Answer 25

TOO much ACTH leading to Cushings SYndrome

Question 26

Not done

Answer 26

ok