Diabetes Drugs

Question 1

Stimulants of insulin release

Answer 1

increase in blood glucose, AA, vagal stimulation, sulfonyl ureas

Question 2

Amplifiers of release

Answer 2

Gastric hormones and adrenergic stimulation

Question 3

Inhibitors of insulin

Answer 3

Somatostatin, drugs, catecholamines

Question 4

Acarbose is what?

Answer 4

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 5

Porcine insulin is how many Amino Acids different than human

Answer 5

1

Question 6

Bovine and Ovine is how many amino acids different?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

Short acting insulin

Answer 7

rapid onset of action, short half life, intermediate, long acting

Question 8

Short acting insulin, called regular insulin, is the only type that can be given IV

Answer 8

ok

Question 9

Insulin is injected twice daily, Called Lente insulin (30% short and 70% long acting zinc insulin crystals)

Answer 9

ok

Question 10

Insulin demetir

Answer 10

Isoelectric point has been modified to increase half life. Has a twice daily dosing with low peak insulin concentration that decreases chance of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Forms a precipitate.

Question 11

Insulin Glargine

Answer 11

Like Insulin Demetir

Question 12

Metformin

Answer 12

Decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis, Doesn;t affect insulin secretion at all. Used in type 2. Oral no metab. BELONGS TO THE BIGUANIDE CLASS

Question 13

Repaglinide

Answer 13

Benzoic acid derivative. Increases insulin secretion, Rapid GI absorption. Taken before meals to control post-prandial Blood glucose

Question 14

Pioglytizone

Answer 14

GLUT 4 GOES UP. Increases insulin sensitivity by increaseing glucose uptake to tissues.

Question 15

Pioglytizone binds to what

Answer 15

Peroxisome Proliferator- Activator Receptor

Question 16

Acarbose

Answer 16

Its an alpha glucosidase inhibitor. Reduce intestinal absorption of starch and disaccharides by inhibiting brush border alpha glucosidase. Reduces post-prandial glucose glucose elevation. DONT USE ALONE

Question 17

Colesevelam

Answer 17

bile acid sequestrant. Lowers cholesterol. Useful in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus pts who are taking other meds. Interrupts enterohepatic cycling

Question 18

Exanatide GLP-1 agonist

Answer 18

Know that shit

Question 19

Increase in GLUT-4, increase in insulin uptake into tissues?

Answer 19

PIOGLOTIZINE

Question 20

Increases insulin secretion. Used pre-prandially. Has Rapid GI absorption

Answer 20

Repaglinide

Question 21

Semilente

Answer 21

short acting, longer half life

Question 22

sitagliptin

Answer 22

inhibits enzymes that degrade incretins. These enzymes are called dipeptyl-peptidase 4, therefore sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.

Question 23

What are incretins

Answer 23

things that raise insulin secretion.

Question 24

The major incretin we talked about

Answer 24

GLP-1….secreted by endothelial cells in the epithelium of the small intestine

Question 25

Why is there no risk of hypoglycemia in a pt taking metformin

Answer 25

It does virtually nothing to insulin secretion.

Question 26

Major drug on our list for increasing insulin sensitivity?

Answer 26

Pioglitazone…Binds PPARy and increases GLUT 4 transport of glucose into tissues (this is the mechanism by which insulin works)

Question 27

Which Diabetes drug should be taken before a mean because it increases insulin release

Answer 27

Repaglinide. It is absorbed rapidly in the GI tract. Benzoic acid derivative.

Question 28

Sitagliptin

Answer 28

Dipeptide Peptidase 4 inhibitor…prevents breakdown of incretins which increase GLP1 function. May be good to use with Exanatide?