Chap 14, Lymphatic and Immune Systems, Vocabulary

Question 1

adaptive or acquired immunity

Answer 1

The ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them. Humoral (B cells) and cell-mediated immunity (T cells) are examples.

Question 2

adenoids

Answer 2

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.

Question 3

antibody

Answer 3

Protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens.

Question 4

antigen

Answer 4

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells.

Question 5

axillary nodes

Answer 5

Lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm).

Question 6

B cell (B lymphocyte)

Answer 6

Lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

Question 7

cell-mediated immunity

Answer 7

T cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) that respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity.

Question 8

cervical nodes

Answer 8

Lymph nodes in the neck region.

Question 9

complement system

Answer 9

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target.

Question 10

cytokines

Answer 10

Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction. Examples are interferons and interleukins.

Question 11

cytotoxic T cell

Answer 11

Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; call CD8-positive T cell.

Question 12

dendritic cell

Answer 12

Antigen-presenting cell. Shows T and B cells what to attack.

Question 13

helper T cell

Answer 13

Lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells. Also called CD4-positive T cell.

Question 14

humoral immunity

Answer 14

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity.

Question 15

immunity

Answer 15

Body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs. This includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity.

Question 16

immunoglobulins

Answer 16

Antibodies such as IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE, IgD; secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen.

Question 17

immunotherapy

Answer 17

Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease.

Question 18

inguinal nodes

Answer 18

Lymph nodes in the groin region.

Question 19

interferons

Answer 19

Proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response.

Question 20

interleukins

Answer 20

Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes.

Question 21

interstitial fluid

Answer 21

Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.

Question 22

lymph

Answer 22

Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body.

Question 23

lymph capillaries

Answer 23

Tiniest lymphatic vessels.

Question 24

Lymphoid organs

Answer 24

Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.

Question 25

lymph node

Answer 25

Collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection.

Question 26

lymph vessel

Answer 26

Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest.

Question 27

macrophage

Answer 27

Large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body. Phag/o means to eat or swallow.

Question 28

mediastinal nodes

Answer 28

Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity.

Question 29

mesenteric nodes

Answer 29

Lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region).

Question 30

monoclonal antibody

Answer 30

Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy.

Question 31

natural immunity

Answer 31

Protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. It is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory.

Question 32

paraaortic nodes

Answer 32

Lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body.

Question 33

plasma cell

Answer 33

Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. It matures from B lymphocytes.

Question 34

right lymphatic duct

Answer 34

Lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. It empties lymph into a large vein in the neck.

Question 35

spleen

Answer 35

Organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood.

Question 36

suppressor T cell

Answer 36

Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell).

Question 37

T cell (T lymphocyte)

Answer 37

Lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens.

Question 38

tolerance

Answer 38

The ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body.

Question 39

thoracic duct

Answer 39

Large Lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body (head, neck, arm, and chest). It empties lymph into large veins in the neck.

Question 40

thymus gland

Answer 40

Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response.

Question 41

tonsils

Answer 41

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx.

Question 42

toxin

Answer 42

Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants.

Question 43

vaccination

Answer 43

Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection.

Question 44

vaccine

Answer 44

Weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease.