Chap 18, Endocrine System, Vocabulary, Hormones

Question 1

adrenaline (epinephrine)

Answer 1

Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic)

Question 2

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); also called adrenocorticotropin

Answer 2

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex.

Question 3

aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)

Answer 3

Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption.

Question 4

androgen

Answer 4

Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example.

Question 5

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)

Answer 5

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). ADH increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.

Question 6

calcitonin

Answer 6

Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels.

Question 7

cortisol

Answer 7

Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Question 8

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 8

Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). It is a part of the body’s “fight or flight” reaction.

Question 9

estradiol

Answer 9

Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries.

Question 10

estrogen

Answer 10

Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Examples are estradiol and estrone.

Question 11

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 11

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). FSH stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes.

Question 12

glucagon

Answer 12

Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose.

Question 13

growth hormone (GH); somatotropin (STH)

Answer 13

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.

Question 14

insulin

Answer 14

Secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose (sugar) to pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen.

Question 15

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 15

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.

Question 16

norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Answer 16

Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). Nor- in chemistry means a parent compound from which another is derived.

Question 17

oxytocin (OT)

Answer 17

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth.

Question 18

parathormone (PTH); aka parathyroid hormone

Answer 18

Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium.

Question 19

progesterone

Answer 19

Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Question 20

prolactin (PRL)

Answer 20

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); promotes milk secretion.

Question 21

somatotropin (STH) (growth hormone, GH)

Answer 21

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.

Question 22

testosterone

Answer 22

Male hormone secreted by the testes.

Question 23

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin

Answer 23

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning.

Question 24

thyroxine (T4) (tetraiodothyronine)

Answer 24

Secreted by the thyroid gland, T4 increases metabolism in cells.

Question 25

triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 25

Secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells.

Question 26

vasopressin, [antidiuretic hormone, (ADH)]

Answer 26

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) vasopressin increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure.