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Fundamentals Of Science > Liver Physiology + Function > Flashcards

Liver Physiology + Function Flashcards

1
Q

75% blood supply to liver is from?

A

Portal vein

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2
Q

25% , blood supply to liver is from?

A

Proper hepatic artery

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3
Q

What brings nutrient rich blood into the liver?

A

Portal vein

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4
Q

What takes oxygenated blood into the liver?

A

Proper hepatic artery

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5
Q

What takes deoxygenated blood back to the vena cava?

A

Hepatic vein

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6
Q

Lobules are?

A

Collection of cells
Functional unit of the liver

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7
Q

Structure of hepatic lobule?

A

Hexagonal

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8
Q

Sinusoids define:

A

Small blood vessels between radiating rows of hepatocytes

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9
Q

Characteristics of sinusoids:

A

One cell thick
Nutrient exchange
Gaps that allow macromolecules to pass through

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10
Q

Hepatic lobule consists of?

A

Portal triad
Sinusoids
Central vein ( hepatic vein)
Hepatocyte
Kupffer cell

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11
Q

Portal triad

A

Bile duct
Portal vein
Hepatic artery

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12
Q

Kupffercells are?,

A

Type of tissue macrophage ( performs a lot of defence functions)

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13
Q

Canalinculi

A

Series of channels between cells

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14
Q

How does there billiary systems structure support function?

A

Two separate blood supplies and separation of blood from bile
Massive SA for exchange of molecules
Sinusoids structure allows exchange of large solutes
Kupffer cells form a protective barrier

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15
Q

Biliary system: Bile secreted by hepatocytes then…..

A

canalinculi —-> Collected by system of ducts (ductules)—->
Which drain into common hepatic duct (multiple bile duct)—-> to the common bile duct

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16
Q

Bile is secreted by?

A

Hepatocytes

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17
Q

Bile is a combination of?

A

Water, electrolytes, bilirubin, cholesterol and bile salts

18
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

Toxic, yellow pigment; formed by the break down of haemoglobin

19
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gallbladder

20
Q

Bile is secreted where? After common bile duct

A

Duodenum

21
Q

Duodenum is?

A

First part of small intestine; comes down from stomach

22
Q

Function of bile

A

Fat digestion and absorption
Elimination of waste products especially bilirubin and cholesterol

23
Q

Cholecystokinin CCK is?

A

A hormone that causes contraction of the gallbladder leading to ejection of bile into the duodenum

24
Q

When is CCK released?

A

When it detects a lot of lipid rich food

25
Q

One of the first signs of liver failure is? Why?

A

Jaundice—> due to the presence of bilirnebin in the body because it isn’t being handled properly by the liver

26
Q

Enterohepatic circulation benefit

A

Gives liver first access to nutrients, toxins, medications from gut

27
Q

What % of bile salts excreted in faeces?

A

5%

28
Q

Functional unit of liver?

A

Liver lobule

29
Q

Where are kupffer cells located?

A

Sinusoidal lining

30
Q

Function of hepatocytes

A

Carry out most metabolic pathways

31
Q

Function of pit cells

A

Natural killer plus specific to liver

32
Q

Examples of blood clotting factors?

A

Fibrinogen
Prothrombin
other factors —> V, VI, IX, X, XII

33
Q

What is essential ( vitamin)for formation of pro-thrombin and other factors?

A

Vitamin k

34
Q

Where is vitamin k stored?

A

In the liver

35
Q

Warfarin blocks the activity of what enzyme?

A

Epoxide reductase

36
Q

How does warfarin have an anticoagulant effect on the blood?

A

Blocks epoxide reductase which means vitamin K stays in its oxidised form
Hence reduced form of Vitamin K produced = fewer clotting factors

37
Q

Functions of liver

A

Bile production
storage of vitamin k / A/ D/ E/ B12+ carbohydrates and lipids+ iron (stored as ferritin)
Metabolism
Detoxification

38
Q

Iron is stored as what in the liver?

A

Ferritin

39
Q

Function of liver= metabolism. Give examples

A

Carbohydrates - glucagon and insulin
Lipids
Proteins - gluconeogenesis and deamination

40
Q

Examples of cholesterol sources:

A

Dietary cholesterol —> Chylomicron remnants
De novo synthesis in liver
Cholesterol from extrahepatic tissue —> HDL

41
Q

Chylomicron remnants define:

A

Fat molecules that get left over from digestion process

42
Q

How are Chylomicron remnants transported into the liver?

A

Via portal vein

Fundamentals Of Science (37 decks)

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