Pathophysiology Of Allergy

Question 1

Anaphylaxis define.

Answer 1

Severe systemic allergic reaction

Question 2

Allergic diseases are characterised by inflammation activated by?

Answer 2

IgE

Question 3

What initiates an allergic disease?

Answer 3

Underlying innate immune mechanisms

Question 4

Resident vs infiltrating cells difference

Answer 4

Resident= are in particular tissues
Infiltrating = involved in inflammation by recruitment from the circulation

Question 5

Blood cells can beactivated using signaling molecules which attract the cells to site of inflammation. How?

Answer 5

1. Signalling molecules can be chemical attractants
   2 . Some are adhesive molecules

Question 6

How might adhesive molecules attract the cells to site of inflammation?

Answer 6

Blood cells move across the walls of blood vessels and out into tissues where they gain access to other adhesion molecules, trapping infiltrating cells at tissue sites where needed

Question 7

Mediator plus can be?

Answer 7

Preformed -stored within cells ready for release
Newly generated- made as required

Question 8

Examples of performed mediators

Answer 8

Histamine
Heparin
Granule proteins in eosinophils
Some cytokines
Peptidergic
Neurotransmitters
ATP
protease

Question 9

Example of newly-generated mediators?

Answer 9

Lipid-derived mediators
Cytokines and chemokines
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Question 10

Prostaglandin D2, leukotriene C4 from mast cells example of what mediators?

Answer 10

Newly generated—> Lipid- derived mediators

Question 11

IL-4,5,3,33, CCL-2, 20 (require gene transcription and protein synthesis) example of what mediators?

Answer 11

Newly-generated —> cytokinesand cheekiness

Question 12

Majority of allergens are?

Answer 12

Proteins