Vascular Physiology

Question 1

Cells of vascular system include:

Answer 1

Inner layer of endothelial cells
Internal layer of smooth muscle cells
Adventitial layer

Question 2

Adventitial layer function:

Answer 2

Contain cots of fibroblasts; responsible for laying down extraceullar matric and repair processes

Question 3

Arteries have high or low pressure system?

Answer 3

High pressure system

Question 4

Veins have high or low pressure system?

Answer 4

Low pressure system

Question 5

Elastic laminae function

Answer 5

Maintains pulsatile strength of blood and vessel integrity

Question 6

Difference between veins and arteries: SMCs

Answer 6

Arteries = SMcells
Veins = few SMCs

Question 7

Difference in arteries and veins for adventitia layer

Answer 7

Arteries: fibroblasts + extensive connective tissue
Veins: thick elastic tissue + loose connective tissue

Question 8

Why do blood vessels become more rigid as we get older?

Answer 8

Ability for elastic laminae to stretch reduces over time

Question 9

Vein structure

Answer 9

Large lumens and thin walls, Blood under low pressure
Back flow prevented by valves

Question 10

3 types of capillaries

Answer 10

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoid

Question 11

Form network between arteries and veins?

Answer 11

Capillaries

Question 12

Function of capillaries

Answer 12

To allow transfer of nutrients/waste products to/from tissues

Question 13

Lymphatic system characteristics

Answer 13

Thin walled vessels complimentary to vascular system that carry lymph (tissue fluid, fats, clus)
Have into intimal, small medial and small Adventitial layers

Question 14

Blood flow through the vessels of the body is regulated by?

Answer 14

1. The fluid force of the Blood cause by contraction of heart
2. The size of vessels
3. The action of SMCs
4. One-way valves

Question 15

Measure of the contractile force is?

Answer 15

Systolic pressure

Question 16

Drop in force when the heart is at rest?

Answer 16

Diastolic pressure

Question 17

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures?

Answer 17

Pulse pressure

Question 18

Normal bp

Answer 18

120/80
Systolic/diastolic

Question 19

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is defined as?

Answer 19

The average pressure which drives Blood through tissues

Question 20

MAP
Equation

Answer 20

Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

Question 21

So in normal individual MAP is?

Answer 21

Normal bp = 120/80
So MAP = 80 + 13 = 93.3 mmhg

Question 22

What is the main driving force for blood flow?

Answer 22

Arterial pressure

Question 23

Ohm’s law defines?

Answer 23

Factors affecting haemodynamics of Blood flow

Question 24

Blood pressure equation

Answer 24

Bp = CO x TPR

Question 25

TPR is the sum of all forces opposing blood flow, including?

Answer 25

Length of vessel (L)
Blood viscosity (V)
Vessel radius (r)

Question 26

TPR can be controlled by?

Answer 26

Sympathetic nervous system (vasoconstriction)
Neurotransmitters and hormones ( angiotensin 2)
Exercise (vasodilation)

Question 27

What is the main determinant of arterial Bp?

Answer 27

TPR

Question 28

Arterial pressure can be increased by?

Answer 28

Constricting arterioles
Constricting large vessels and increasing venous return
Directly increasing CO and heart rate