Bookbased Flashcards
It is “the collection of information on the complications of transfusion, analysis of these data, and subsequent data-driven improvements in transfusion practices
• Hemovigilance
It is the development of non-ABO anti- bodies following BC transfusion, pregnancy, or transplantation.
• Alloimmunization
What is the percentage in chron- ically transfused patients with sickle cell disease, myelodys- plastic syndrome, thalassemia, or autoimmune hemolytic disease?
• Systemic inflamatory
• 30% or greater
Give the Laboratory Tests Confirming Hemolysises
↓FAPTO
fib
↑LDG
Enumerate the 3 components under Hemoglobinemia
• Hematuriaorhemoglobinuria
• Spherocytes
• Inadequateriseofpost-transfusionhemoglobinlevelor rapid fall of hemoglobin after transfusion
What will happen if AHTR accelerated destruction of trans- fused RBCs due to antibody-mediated incompatibility?
• Fever
• Pain
• Rigor/ chills
• Hypotension
•Kidney failure
• 10% shock
* Kidyney f = elevated bun crea= low urine output
•DIC= renal dysfunction
Early and aggressive fluid resuscitation and blood pressure management are thus the first steps in treating AHTRs
• Platelet apherisis/ platelet concentrate
What is the process of DHTR and how many hours and days after the transfusion?
• DAT 24 hours to 28 days after transfusion
• With either a positive eluate or a newly identified alloantibody in the plasma or serum
• Spherocytes
• 7-10 days oos trans effect
• Sickle
What is TRALI, and what distinguishes “Possible TRALI” from “Delayed TRALI”?
• Characterized by acute respiratory distress.
• “Possible TRALI” occurs when TRALI criteria are met, but another cause of ALI is identified.
• “Delayed TRALI” occurs when TRALI criteria are met, but symptoms appear 6-72 hours after transfusion.
What are the common signs and symptoms of TRALI, and how is it diagnosed?
• TRALI symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxemia, fever, rigors, tachycardia, hypothermia, and hypotension.
• Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and the “white-out” appearance of acute pulmonary edema, as lab tests are not very helpful.
What is the primary mechanism behind transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?
• an increase in intravascular volume, often due to excessive transfused fluid and/or too rapid an infusion rate.
• This can overwhelm the patient’s ability to handle the increased volume, especially if they have impaired pulmonary, cardiac, or renal function.
How soon after the start of a transfusion can symptoms of TACO, such as acute respiratory distress, typically be observed?
• Symptoms of TACO, including acute respiratory distress, may become apparent as early as 2 hours after the initiation of the transfusion.
• but it’s possible for them to take up to 6 hours to manifest.
What is Transfusion-Associated Dyspnea (TAD), and when does it typically occur after a transfusion?
• Transfusion-Associated Dyspnea (TAD) is a condition where dyspnea (shortness of breath) occurs within 24 hours after a transfusion.
• after ruling out other potential diagnoses. Interestingly, the exact pathophysiology of TAD remains unknown.
What is the defining characteristic of hypotensive transfusion reactions in adults?
• In adults, hypotensive transfusion reactions are characterized by a drop in systolic blood pressure of 30 mm Hg
• resulting in a systolic BP of 80 mm Hg or lower.
How is hypotensive transfusion reaction defined in children?
• In children, a hypotensive transfusion reaction is defined as a 25% drop in their baseline systolic blood pressure.
What distinguishes Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions (FNHTR) from other transfusion reactions?
• FNHTR is characterized by a fever exceeding 100.4°F (38°C) or a temperature change of at least 1.8°F (1.0°C) within 4 hours after transfusion, often accompanied by chills and/or rigors.
• It is typically mild, self-limited, and resembles other, more severe transfusion reactions.
