Coast erosion

Question 1

Different types of weathering

Answer 1

mechanical, chemical, biological

Question 2

Mechanical weathering definition

Answer 2

breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition

Question 3

How does freeze thaw weathering work

Answer 3

temperature alternates above and below 0, water gets into cracks of rocks, as ti freezes it expands which puts pressure on the rock, as it thaws it contracts releasing the pressure, this repeats widening cracks and breaking the rock

Question 4

Chemical weathering definition

Answer 4

breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition

Question 5

How does carbonation weathering work

Answer 5

rainwater has carbon dioxide dissolved in it which makes a weak carbonic acid, which reacts with the rock that contain calcium carbonate so the rocks are dissolved

Question 6

Mass movement definition

Answer 6

shifting of rocks or loose material down a slope, when gravity acting on a slope is greater than the force supporting it, more likely when the material is full of water as it makes it heavier

Question 7

3 types of mass movement

Answer 7

slides (material shifts in a straight line), slumping (materials shifts with a rotation), rockfalls (material breaks up and falls down slope)

Question 8

3 processes of erosion on a cliff

Answer 8

abrasion, attrition, hydraulic power

Question 9

Hydraulic power definition

Answer 9

wave crashes against rock and compress the air in cracks, putting pressure on the rock, this repeats widening the cracks and causes rock to break off

Question 10

Abrasion definition

Answer 10

eroded particles in the water scrape against the rock removing smaller pieces

Question 11

Attrition definition

Answer 11

eroded particles i the water smash into each other and break into smaller fragments, their edges are also rounded off

Question 12

Solution definition

Answer 12

water dissolves some types of rock

Question 13

Which waves cause erosion and what are their features

Answer 13

destructive waves, high frequency, high and steep, more powerful backwash than swash meaning material is removed

Question 14

How is a wave cut platform formed

Answer 14

waves erode the base of a cliff, forming a wave-cut notch, rocks above become unstable and collapses, repeated collapsing retreats cliff, wave-cut platform is the platform that is left behind as the cliff retreats

Question 15

How are headlands and bays formed

Answer 15

soft rocks have a low resistance to erosion whereas hard rocks have a high resistance, alternating bands of soft and hard rock along a coast, soft rock is eroded quickly forming a bay with gentle slope, hard rock takes long to erode forming a headland with steep sides

Question 16

How do headlands form caves, arches and stacks

Answer 16

headlands are formed form hard rock with weaknesses like cracks, waves crash into the headlands and enlarge cracks, repeated erosion and enlarged cracks form caves, continued erosion deepens the cave until it breaks through and a arch is formed, the supporting arch and weathering cause the arch to collapse leaving a stack separate from the headland