Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue

A

Epithelia, connective, muscle, nervous

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2
Q

What is epithelia tissue

A

-tissue that covers surfaces, lines cavities and tubes, forms glands
-consists of loosely packed cells supported by a basement membrane

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelia tissue

A

Attachment
Avascularity ( doesn’t have its own blood supply )
Polarity apical and basal

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4
Q

Define apical and basal

A

Apical means away from basement membrane
Basal towards the basement membrane

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5
Q

What does simple and stratified mean

A

Simple- one layer
Stratified- two or more layers

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6
Q

Define squamous cuboidal and columnar

A

Flat
Cube
Rectangle

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7
Q

Describe a simple squamous epithelia

A

-flat cells that have oval shaped nuclei
-one layer cells
-major function is exchange of nutrients and gasses
-location is blood vessels and alveoli

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8
Q

Describe keratinised simple
squamous

A

-flat surface cells with oval shape nuclei
-many layers
-keratin (tough and waterproof)
-major function-protection and barrier
-location is skin

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9
Q

describe non keratinised simple squamous

A

-flat surface cells with round nuclei
-many layers
-major function is protection and barrier
-oral cavity and oesophagus
-doesn’t need keratin as its not exposed to the outside world and doesn’t need as much protection

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10
Q

Describe a simple coboidal epithelium

A
  • square cells with round nuclei
    -one layer
    -major function is secretion and absorption
    -glands kidney and tubules
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11
Q

Describe a simple columnar epithelium

A

-tall cells with oval basalt located nuclei
-one layer
-absorption (nutrients) and secretion (mucus)
-gastrotestinal tract
-has microvilli to increased surface area

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12
Q

Describe pseudostratisfied ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

A

-tall cells
-appears stratified as some cells dont reach free surface. All cells touch basement membrane
-cillis to move the mucus and goblet cells to act as chamber that produces mucus
-function is mucociliary escalator (cilis and mucus to move bacteria etc)
-trachea and larger respiratory airways

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13
Q

What are the 6 types of epithelia

A

-simple squamous
-keratinised stratified squamous
-non keratinised stratified squamous
-simple coboidal epithelium
-simple columnar epithelium
-pseduostratified ciliated columnar epithelium goblet cells

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14
Q

What is an intercellular junction

A

Specialised areas of cell membrane that bind one cell to another

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15
Q

What are the 4 kinds of intercellular junctions

A

Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Tight junctions
Gap junctions

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16
Q

Describe Desmosomes

A

Very strong connections between adjacent cells
Resist stretching and twisting

17
Q

Describe Hemidesmosomes

A

AttacH cells to the basement membrane
Stabilise the position and anchor cell to the underlying tissue

18
Q

Describe tight junctions

A

-interlocking proteins tightly bind cells tougher than near apical edge
-prevent passage of water and solutes between cells (digestive cells)

19
Q

Describe gap junctions

A

Cells helps together by an interlocking membrane proteins containing central pore
Allows movement of small molecules and ions between cells- found in cardiac muscle

20
Q

What is connective tissue

A

-forms a structural framework for the body
-supports surrounds and interconnects other tissue types
-protects delicate organs
-transport fluids and dissolved materials
-stores energy reserves
-defends body from microorganisms
-consists or cells within an extra cellular matrix

21
Q

What does an extra cellular matrix consist of

A

-ground substance
-tissue fluid
-fibres: collagen, reticular (network) and elastic classification of connective tissue

22
Q

What are the 3 specialised connective tissues

A

Blood- mainly tissue fluid
Bone- osteoblasts and osteocytes
Cartilage- strong matrix and collagen

23
Q

What is connective proper tissue

A

-loose irregular connective tissue
-lots of ground substance
-few fibres (collagen and elastic)
-variety of cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages)
-found under the epithelium that covers and lines the body surfaces

24
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue

A

-little ground substance
-many collagen fibre bundles arranged haphazardly
-few cells (mainly fibroblasts)
-resists excessive stretching and distension due to the bundles being haphazardly
-found in dermis (lower levels of skin)

25
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue

A

-little ground substance
-many densley packed bundles of collagen fibres arranged in parallel rows
-few cells (mainly fibroblasts)
-found in tendons (non contractile bit of muscle that attatches to bone and ligaments (stabilising function between two bones no muscle)

26
Q

What is muscle tissue

A

Consists of muscle cells (fibres)
Capable of contracting and therefore can produce movement

27
Q

What is skeletal muscle

A

-moves and stabilises the skeleton
-forms sphincters in digestive and urinary tracts
-involved in respiration (diaphragm and intercostal muscles)
-innervated (involuntary) by somatic nervous system
-long cylindrical cells, striped, may peripherally located and nucleated

28
Q

What is cardiac muscle

A
  • found in the heart wall and helps to circulate blood and maintain low blood pressure
    -innervated (involuntary) by the automatic nervous system
    -branched muscle fibres, 1-2 central nuclei, intercalated discs to join them
29
Q

What is smooth muscle

A

-located in the walls of organs, blood vessels, and airways
-gastrointestinal movement
-alters diameter of airways and blood vessels
-innervated by automatic nervous system
-short fusiform cells
-non striated
-single centrally located nucleus