Soft Palate And Phayrnx

Question 1

What is the soft palate

Answer 1

-forms a moveable partition between the oropharynx and the nasopharynx
-made of muscle overhead by non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
-extends laterally to form the palatoglossal and palatophayngeal arches
-receives sensory innervation via the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 2

Muscles of the soft palate

Answer 2

Levator veli palatini
Tensor veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus

Question 3

Origin of the levator veli palatini

Answer 3

Auditory tubes and petrous part of temporal bone

Question 4

Insertion of Levator veli palatini

Answer 4

Palatine aponeurosis (connective tissue)

Question 5

Action of the levator veli palatini

Answer 5

Tenses soft palate and equalises pressure in middle ear

Question 6

Innervation of levator veli palatini

Answer 6

Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)

Question 7

Origin of tensor veli palatini

Answer 7

Auditory tubes and sphenoid bone

Question 8

Insertion of tensor veli palatini

Answer 8

Palatine aponeurosis

Question 9

Action of tensor veli palatini

Answer 9

Tenses soft palate and equalises pressure in middle ear

Question 10

innervation of tensor veli palatini

Answer 10

Mandibular division of trigeminal

Question 11

Origin of Palatoglossus

Answer 11

Palatine aponeurosis

Question 12

Insertion of Palatoglossus

Answer 12

Posterolateral aspect of the tongue

Question 13

Action of Palatoglossus

Answer 13

Elevates the tongue and narrows the oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 14

Innervation of Palatoglossus

Answer 14

Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)

Question 15

Origin of Palatopharyngeus

Answer 15

Palatine aponeurosis

Question 16

Insertion of Palatopharyngeus

Answer 16

Lateral pharyngeal wall

Question 17

Action of Palatopharyngeus

Answer 17

Elevates the pharynx

Question 18

Innervation of the Palatopharyngeus

Answer 18

Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)

Question 19

Functions of the soft palate

Answer 19

-seals of the nasopharynx in swallowing and speech
-narrows oropharyngeal isthmus, elevates tongue and assures in elevation of pharynx during swallowing

Question 20

What is the pharynx

Answer 20

-fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the oesophagus
-anterior openings for nose, mouth and larynx

Question 21

Divisions of the pharynx

Answer 21

Nasophraynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 22

Functions of the pharynx

Answer 22

-passageway for food and air
-important roles in swallowing
-articulation

Question 23

Nasopharynx

Answer 23

-extends from base of skull to tip of uvula
-lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epitleum with goblet cells

Question 24

Important features of the nasopharynx

Answer 24

-ostium(opening) of the auditory (eustachian) tube
-pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
-tubal tonsils

Question 25

Sensory innervation of nasopharynx

Answer 25

Maxillary division of trigeminal and glossopharyngeal

Question 26

Oropharynx

Answer 26

Extends from uvula to tip of epiglottis
- Lined by non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
- Oropharyngeal isthmus in anterior wall, therefore contains:
- Palatoglossal folds
- Palatopharngeal folds
- Tonsillar recess and palatine tonsils
- Posterior 1/3 of tongue runs vertically in the anterior wall- lingual tonsils
- Mucosa of tongue reflected onto epiglottis to form the valleculae and the medial and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Question 27

Sensory innervation of orophaynx

Answer 27

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 28

Laryngopharynx

Answer 28

-extends from epiglottis to the oesophagus
-laryngeal inlet located anteriorly-bounded by the aryepiglottic folds and the epiglottis
-piriform recess lateral to laryngeal inlet
-lined by non keratinise stratified squamous epithelium

Question 29

Laryngopharynx sensory innervation

Answer 29

Glossopharyngeal and vagus

Question 30

Walleys ring

Answer 30

A ring of lymphoid tissue that guards the entrance of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems

Question 31

Muscles of pharynx

Answer 31

Constrictor muscles and longitudinal muscles

Question 32

What are constrictor muscles

Answer 32

-three pairs of muscles that overlap each others and meet posteriorly at the pharyngeal raphe
-superior, middle, inferior
-contract sequentially to push bolus goo into oesophagus
-innervated by pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

Question 33

Superior constrictor

Answer 33

-origin- sphenoid bone, mandible and pterygomanidbular raphe
-insertion- pharyngeal tubercle (on the occipital bone anchored to skull) and pharyngeal raphe

Question 34

Middle constrictor

Answer 34

-origin- hyoid bone and stylohoid ligament
-insertion- pharyngeal raphe

Question 35

Inferior constrictor

Answer 35

-two parts thryopharyngeus part and cricopharyngeus part
-origin- thyroid cartilage
-origin- cricoid cartilage
Insertion- pharyngeal raphe

Question 36

Longitudinal muscles

Answer 36

-three pairs of muscles run into a superior to inferior direction
-shorten and widen the pharynx
-elevate the pharynx and larynx
-open the auditory tube

Question 37

What are the 3 pairs of longitudinal muscles

Answer 37

-salpingopharyngeus
-Stylopharyngeus
-Palatopharyngeus

Question 38

Salpingopharyngeus

Answer 38

Origin-auditory tube
Insertion- lateral pharyngeal wall
Innervation- pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

Question 39

Stylopharyngeus

Answer 39

Origin-styloïde process temporal bone
Insertion- posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and the lateral pharyngeal wall
Innervation- glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 40

Palatopharyngeus

Answer 40

Origin- palatine aponeurosis
Insertion- posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and lateral pharyngeal wall
-innervation- pharyngeal plexus

Question 41

Pharyngeal plexus

Answer 41

-located on the outer wall of constrictor muscles
-consists of
-sensory fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve
-motor fibres from the vagus nerve
-sympathetic fibres (vasomotor)

Question 42

CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 42

-arias in the medulla oblongata
-exits the skull at the jugular foramen
-general sensation from pharynx, poste 1/3 tongue and ear
-taste sensation from posterior 1/3 tongue and pharynx
-visceral sensation from carotid body and sinus
-parasympathetic to parotid gland
-motor to Stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 43

CN X - vagus nerve

Answer 43

-arises in the medulla oblongata
-exits the skull at the jugular foramen
-general sensation from pharynx, larynx and palate
-parasympathetic to viscera of chest and abdomen
-visceral sensory to aortic bodies and sinus