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Bio Med > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the circulatory system consist of

A

Cardiovascular and lymphatic system

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2
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system

A

Delivers gases, nutrients and hormones to the cells and tissues aswell as removing waste products

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3
Q

What is the cardiovascular system made up of

A

Heart, blood, circuit of blood vessels

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4
Q

Where is the heart located

A

In the thorax between the lungs and is protected by ribs

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5
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Connect the atria with the ventricles and prevent back flow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium

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6
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Guard the entrance to the pulmonary trunk aorta and prevent backflow of blood into ventricles

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7
Q

Where does the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava open into

A

Right atrium

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8
Q

Where does pulmonary trunk exit from

A

Exits from right ventricle and forms right and left pulmonary arteries
(Going to lungs)

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9
Q

Where do the pulmonary veins empty into

A

Left atrium
Bringing blood rich in oxygen

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10
Q

Where does the aorta exit from

A

Left ventricle
Takes blood around body

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11
Q

Blood flow through the heart

A
  • blood low in oxygen returns to heart in the SVC and ICV and drains into the right atrium
    -passes through tricuspid valve into right ventricle
    -passes through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries for delivery to lungs
    -blood rich in oxygen returns from lungs to the heart in the pulmonary veins and drains into left atrium
    -passes through bicuspid valve into left ventricle
    -passe through aortic valve into the aorta for delivery around the body
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12
Q

What supplies the heart muscle

A

Right and left coronary arteries arise from aorta and supplies the heart muscle

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13
Q

How much blood does the heart muscle receive

A

5% of circulating blood

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14
Q

Why does the heart require a good blood supply

A

It contracts approximately 75x per minute

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15
Q

What is blood involved in

A

Respiration, nutrition, elimination of waste, immune defence, water and acid base balance

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16
Q

Components of blood

A

Plasma, formed elements, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

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17
Q

What is plasma and what does it contain

A

Clear fluid which contains plasma proteins, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, electrolytes, hormones, gases

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18
Q

What do red blood cells do (erythrocytes)

A

Delivers oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and transports carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs

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19
Q

What are the 3 adaptations of erythrocytes

A

Biconcave discs - increased surface area
Lack nuclei- unable to repair- live for approximately 120 days
Lack mitochondria- cannot use the oxygen

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20
Q

How much haemoglobin do red blood cells have

A

280 million molecules of haemoglobin in each red blood cell which binds to oxygen

21
Q

White blood cells (leukocytes) function

A

Provide defence against invading pathogens

22
Q

What are the 5 kinds of white blood cells

A
  • neutrophil
  • eosinophil
  • basophil
  • monocyte
  • lymphocyte
23
Q

Neutrophil

A

Phagocytose bacteria
Increase during bacterial infections

24
Q

Eosinophil

A

Phagocytose antigen, antibody complexes and allergens
Destroy parasites
Increase during asthma, allergies and parastitic infections

25
Q

Basophil

A

Secrete histamine and heparin
Increase with chicken pox, sinusitis, diabetes mellitus, myxdema

26
Q

Monocyte

A

Differentiate into tissue macrophages to phagocytose debris and bacteria. Increase during viral infection and inflammation

27
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Involved in immune response, may secrete antibodies
Increase during infections and immune responses

28
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A
  • involved in clotting
    -secrete vasoconstrictions
  • form platelet plugs
    -dissolve old blood clots
29
Q

Blood vessels

A

-series of vessels that compete a full circuit
Artery > artériole>capillary>capillary>venule>vein

30
Q

Arteries

A

Subject to high pressure
Thick walls
Thick tunica media
Maintains shape

31
Q

Veins

A

Low pressure system
Thin walls
Easily distensible
Contains valves

32
Q

Capillaries

A
  • site of gaseous, nutrient and waste exchange
    -thin walled, endothelial layer and basement membrane
33
Q

Types of capillaries

A

Continuous, fenestrated (little gaps for larger molecules) and sinusoids (even more gaps)

34
Q

Systemic circulation

A
  • delivers blood rich in oxygen from left side of the heart to mostly body tissues
  • returns blood in low oxygen to the right side of the heart
  • high pressure system
    -forms an extensive network of
35
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

-delivers blood low in oxygen from the right side of the heart to the lungs
-returns blood rich in oxygen to the left side of the heart
- low pressure systen

36
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk

A

Arm, head and neck

37
Q

Right common carotid artery

A

Head

38
Q

Right subclavin

A

Limbs

39
Q

Internal carotid

A

Brain

40
Q

Right vertebral

A

Back of brain

41
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of

A

Network of lymph vessels
Lymph
Lymphatic tissues
Organs

42
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system

A

Involved in the bodies defence mechanisms, provides a mechanism for the drainage of interstitial fluid

43
Q

Role of the lymphatic system in circulation

A
  • Fluid moves from the arterial end of the capillary into the interstitial space.
  • Fluid moves from the interstitial space back into the capillary at the venous end.
  • But approximately 15% is left behind.
  • In the capillary the fluid is termed plasma, in the interstitial space it is called interstitial fluid.
  • The excess fluid enters the lymphatic system and is retuned to the blood through lymphatic capillaries.
44
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A
  • Once the fluid is here it is called lymph
  • Blind ended tubes located adjacent to capillary beds.
  • Lymph enters capillary and drains in the the lymph vessel.
45
Q

Odema

A

When fluid remains in the tissues

46
Q

Order of the lymphatic system

A

Lymph capillaries
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph trunks
Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

47
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Right side of head and thorax and right upper limb
Right venous angle (junction of right internal jugular vein and right subclavain vein)

48
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Remainer of body
Left venous angle (junction of left internal jugular vein and left subclavain vein)

Bio Med (24 decks)

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