Circulatory System Flashcards
(48 cards)
What does the circulatory system consist of
Cardiovascular and lymphatic system
What are the functions of the circulatory system
Delivers gases, nutrients and hormones to the cells and tissues aswell as removing waste products
What is the cardiovascular system made up of
Heart, blood, circuit of blood vessels
Where is the heart located
In the thorax between the lungs and is protected by ribs
Atrioventricular valves
Connect the atria with the ventricles and prevent back flow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium
Semilunar valves
Guard the entrance to the pulmonary trunk aorta and prevent backflow of blood into ventricles
Where does the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava open into
Right atrium
Where does pulmonary trunk exit from
Exits from right ventricle and forms right and left pulmonary arteries
(Going to lungs)
Where do the pulmonary veins empty into
Left atrium
Bringing blood rich in oxygen
Where does the aorta exit from
Left ventricle
Takes blood around body
Blood flow through the heart
- blood low in oxygen returns to heart in the SVC and ICV and drains into the right atrium
-passes through tricuspid valve into right ventricle
-passes through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries for delivery to lungs
-blood rich in oxygen returns from lungs to the heart in the pulmonary veins and drains into left atrium
-passes through bicuspid valve into left ventricle
-passe through aortic valve into the aorta for delivery around the body
What supplies the heart muscle
Right and left coronary arteries arise from aorta and supplies the heart muscle
How much blood does the heart muscle receive
5% of circulating blood
Why does the heart require a good blood supply
It contracts approximately 75x per minute
What is blood involved in
Respiration, nutrition, elimination of waste, immune defence, water and acid base balance
Components of blood
Plasma, formed elements, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
What is plasma and what does it contain
Clear fluid which contains plasma proteins, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, electrolytes, hormones, gases
What do red blood cells do (erythrocytes)
Delivers oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and transports carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs
What are the 3 adaptations of erythrocytes
Biconcave discs - increased surface area
Lack nuclei- unable to repair- live for approximately 120 days
Lack mitochondria- cannot use the oxygen
How much haemoglobin do red blood cells have
280 million molecules of haemoglobin in each red blood cell which binds to oxygen
White blood cells (leukocytes) function
Provide defence against invading pathogens
What are the 5 kinds of white blood cells
- neutrophil
- eosinophil
- basophil
- monocyte
- lymphocyte
Neutrophil
Phagocytose bacteria
Increase during bacterial infections
Eosinophil
Phagocytose antigen, antibody complexes and allergens
Destroy parasites
Increase during asthma, allergies and parastitic infections
