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Bio Med > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the larynx

A

-maintains a patient airway
-protects the lower respiratory tract
-phonation

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2
Q

What does the larynx consist of

A

-cartilaginous skeleton
-membranes
-muscles
One bone 9 cartilages

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3
Q

Thyroid cartilage (adams apple)

A

-located at the level of the 4th vertebrae
-laminae x2
-superior horns x2
-inferior horns x2
-thyroid notch

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4
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

-located at the level of the 6th cervical vertebrae
-forms a complete ring
-arch (anterior)
-lamina (posterior)
-articular facets

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5
Q

Epiglottis

A

-leaf shaped
-attached to posterior aspect of the anterior angle of the thyroid cartilage
-extends upwards and backwards behind tongue
-covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing

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6
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

-pryamidal in shape- apex, base, 3 surfaces
-muscular process- where muscles attach
-vocal process- where vocal cords attach
-rotates around vertical axis and slides on the slope of the cricoid lamina

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7
Q

Membranes

A

-the laryngeal skeleton is lined by three membranes
-thyroid, quadrangular, cricovocal

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8
Q

Thyroid membrane

A

-extends from thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone
-thickened to form medial and lateral thyrohyoid ligaments

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9
Q

Quadrangular membrane

A

-extend from body and apex of arytenoids to lateral edge of epiglottis
-the free upper border forms the aryepiglottic fold- one on either side forming the boundary of the laryngeal inlet
-the free lower border forms the vestibular fold (false vocal cord)

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10
Q

Cricovocal membrane

A

-attaches inferiorly to cricoid cartilage
-attaches superiorly to thyroid angle and to the vocal processes of the arytenoids
-the free upper border forms the vocal fold (true vocal cord)

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11
Q

Regions of the larynx

A

-laryngeal inlet:opening into larynx
-glottis:space between the tow vocal cords
-supraglottic cavity (vestibule) : between inlet and vestibular folds
-laryngeal ventricles (sinuses): between vestibular and vocal folds. Saccule extends laterally
-infraglottic cavity: between vocal folds and inferior border of cricoid cartilage

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12
Q

Mucosa (lining/ covering) of the larynx

A

-superglottic and infraglottic cavities- respiratory epithelium, seromucous glands
-vestibular folds- respiratory epithelium, mucous glands
-ventricle- respiratory epithelium, saccule contains mucous glands
-vocal folds- stratified squamous epithelium in areas of contact-no mucous glands

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13
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A
  • move the whole larynx
    -longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
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14
Q

Extrinsic- infrahyoid muscles

A

-the infrahyoid muscles originate below and insert onto the hyoid bone
-they depress and fix the hyoid bone and larynx
-superior belly omohyoid, inferior belly of omohyoid (omo=shoulder), thryohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid

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15
Q

Extrinsic- suprahyoid muscles

A

-originate above and insert onto the hyoid bone
-if the mandible is fixed they elevate the hyoid bone and larynx
-if the hyoid bone is fixed they depress the mandible
-mylohyoid, geniohyoid, anterior belly of digrastic, posterior belly of diagrastic

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16
Q

What do Intrinsic muscles do

A

Alter positon, length and tension of the vocal cords and narrow the laryngeal inlet

17
Q

Intrinsic muscles abductor of vocal cords

A

Posterior circoarytenoid

18
Q

Intrinsic muscles adductors of vocal cords

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid and transverse arytenoid

19
Q

Intrinsic muscles
Narrower of laryngeal inlet

A

Aryepiglottic and oblique arytenoid

20
Q

Intrinsic muscles
Tensor of vocal cords

A

Cricothyroid

21
Q

Intrinsic muscles
Relaxer of vocal cords

A

Thryoarytenoid

22
Q

What does abduction and adduction of the vocal cords do to the glottis

A

Alters the size of the glottis

23
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid

A

Origin- cricoid lamina
Innervation-muscular process of arytenoid
A-rotates arytenoid backwards therefore abducts vocal cords and opens the glottis

24
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid

A

Origin- lateral surface of cricoid
Innervation- muscular process of arytenoid
A-rotates arytenoid forward therefore adducts vocal cords and closes the glottis

25
Q

What does simultaneous contraction of lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles do

A

Seperates the arytenoids by sliding them down the cricoid lamina

26
Q

Transverse arytenoids

A

Connects the bodies of the arytenoid cartilages
Approximates the arytenoids therefore closes the rima glottidis

27
Q

Oblique arytenoid and aryepiglottic muscles

A

-oblique arytenoid: passes from muscular proces of one arytenoid to apex of the other
-aryepiglottic: continuation of the oblique arytenoid that inserts into the side of the epiglottis
-acts as a sphincter of the laryngeal inlet during swallowing

28
Q

Cricothyroid

A

O-thyroid cartilage
I- anterolateral aspect of cricoid cartilage
A-elevates arch of cricoid and tips the lamina backwards therefore increases length and tension of vocal cords and raises pitch of voice and narrows the glottis

29
Q

Thryoarytenoid

A

O-thyroid cartilage
I-vocal process and body of arytenoid
A-draws arytenoid forwards therefore relaxes vocal cords
Vocalis-the part of the thyroarytenoid that lies in free edge of vocal fold modified tension with the fold

30
Q

Innervation of the larynx

A

-receives both somatic motor and general sensory innervation
-supplied by branches of the vagus nerve (CN X)
-right and left superior laryngeal
-right and left recurrent laryngeal

31
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve

A

-divides into external and internal laryngeal branches
-external laryngeal- motor to cricothyroid muscle
-internal laryngeal- transmits general sensation from above the vocal cords

32
Q

Recurrent (goes back on itself) laryngeal nerve

A

-provides motor innervation to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid
-transmits general sensation from below the vocal cords
-the left recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around the arch of aorta in the thorax and then ascends back to neck

33
Q

Blood supply of the larynx

A

-laryngeal branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries
-laryngeal veins- superior and middle
-thyroid veins- internal jugular vein

Bio Med (24 decks)

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