Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a negative feedback control

A

-aims to maintain a controlled variable at its set point
-a controlled variable is an aspect of the internal environment eg temperature or blood pH
-the set point is the value at which the variable should be manipulated
-homeostasis is regulated by nervous system and endocrine system

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2
Q

What is the positive feedback control

A

-initial stimulus promotes a response which is self reinforcing
-blood clotting eg
Damage to blood cell> activation of clotting factors>activation of thrombin>formation of blood clots

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3
Q

Describe ganglia and nuclei

A

-a ganglion is a location where neruones synapse in the peripheral nervous system
-usually the place where the cell body of one of the neurone synapsing is located
-action potential in the presynaptic neurone leads to the release of a neurotransmitter
-neurotransmitter leads to the invitation of an action potential in post synaptic neurone

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4
Q

Describe motor nerves

A

-pathway consists of upper and lower motor neurones
-UMN within central nervous system
-UMN synapses with LMN at the nucleus in central nervous system
-LMN leaves central nervous system and passes into peripheral system
-LMN innervates target issue
-Single LMN in somatic motor neruones
-Paired LMNS in autonomic motor neurones

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5
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system

A

-fight or flight
-increased heart rate and pulse
-peripheral vasoconstriction
-pupil dilation
-sweating

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6
Q

What is is parasympathetic nervous system

A

-rest and digest
-decreased heart rate and pulse
-bronchiole constriction
-pupil constriction

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7
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

-both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisons innervate most organs and tissues
-often have opposing effects
-sympathetic more active in stressful situations
-parasympathetic more active in vegetative situations

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8
Q

What is the endorcrine system

A

-some hormones are secreted by endocrine glands into circulatory system
-others by endocrine cells scattered amongst other tissues

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9
Q

What are adrenal glands

A

-medulla of glands contained modified postganglionic sympathetic neruones
-produce noradrenaline and adrenaline
-produces a similar effect to other sympathetic responses but longer lasting
-sympathetic neurones stimulate adrenal medulla

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10
Q

Nervous system vs endocrine system

A

N- fast because of nerve conduction
N-effects are brief
N-targeted by nerve pathway and neurotransmitter receptors
E-uses hormones
E- reaches every tissue
E- prolonged effects
E-targeted by location of hormone receptors

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11
Q

What does the autonomic system do

A

Component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary processes

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12
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and spinal cord. Plays a key role in both sending information from different areas of your body to your brain as well as carrying out commands from brain to various parts of your body

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