Chapter 12: Personality (3A) Flashcards
Psychodynamic Perspective
Personality and behaviour is shaped by interacting, or dynamic, underlying forces
What is the Conscious?
The thoughts and feelings that we are aware of at any given moment
What is the preconscious?
Holds thoughts, memories, and ideas that we aren’t consciously thinking about, but cause be brought to consciousness if attended to.
What is the unconscious?
We are unaware of this content and cannot become aware of it except in special circumstances
What is the ID?
It is the basic instinctual drive:
- eating,sleeping,sex, and comfort
- it is present at brith and largely unconscious
What is the pleasure principle?
It is the strive to gratification present in the Id.
What is the ego?
It strives to satisfy the id while complying with constraints on behaviour.
- Develops due to behaviour
- Rational, problem-solving force
- Works consciously and unconsciously
- Mediator between the id and the superego
What is the reality principle?
Te awareness that os to not always possible or acceptable to have all wants met - connected to the ego.
What is the superego?
The personality element in charge of determine which imputes are acceptable to express openly and which are unacceptable.
- Develops as we observe and internalize the behaviours of others in our culture
- Forms during childhood
- We internalize, or unconsciously adopt, the values and norms of others. Our conscience leads us to feel guilds and anxious.
What are the psychosexual stages?
During each stage the id’s pleasure-seeking tendencies focus on one area of the body.
- primarily influenced by sexuality and aggression that cause internal conflict.
- Named after specific ergo us zones, or pleasure-producing areas of the body.
What are defence mechanism?
Unconscious tactics employed by the ego to protect the individual from anxiety
What is repression?
Basic defence mechanism that keeps unpleasant thoughts buried deeply in unconscious mind.
What is denial?
Refusal to recognize and existing situation
What is rationalization?
Creating a socially acceptable excuse to justify unacceptable behaviour
What is reaction formation?
Not acknowledging unacceptable impulses and overemphasizing their opposite
EX: praising a sibling when resenting their success in reality
What is projection?
Transferring one’s unacceptable quialities or impulses onto others.
EX: not trusting someone but accusing them of not trusting you