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human physiology i > Chap 5 > Flashcards

Chap 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Perception

A

Our own indivudal perspective
-based off of senses, memory and emotion

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2
Q

Modality

A

Energy form of the stimulus occurring
-light and soundwaves

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3
Q

Transduction

A

Conversion of one modality into another form
-light into image
-sound wave into language

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4
Q

Types of Adaption

A

Slow and phasic

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5
Q

Afferent neurons are

A

Sensory or receptor neurons

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6
Q

Where do afferent nerve impulses go

A

Toward the CNS

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7
Q

Where do afferent neurons get signals from

A

Receptors or sense organs

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8
Q

Receptors are found in

A

The PNS

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9
Q

Processing centres are found in

A

The CNS

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10
Q

What is the somatosensory system

A

Creates sensory modalities
-such as pain and temperature
Thru receptors and centres

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11
Q

Somatosensory receptors

A

Free nerve ending consisting of a neuron with an exposed receptor

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12
Q

Special senses receptors

A

Used in the ear
-mechanical stimulation into a neural signal

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13
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Visible wavelengths of light

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14
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sensitive to mechanical energy
-skeletal muscles stretch
-vibration

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15
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Sensitive to amounts of heat

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16
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Specific chemicals
-smell, taste, digestive tract

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17
Q

Receptor potential

A

Receptors is a separate entity
-although in close proximity to afferent neuron
-has to cross the clef

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18
Q

Generator

A

There is a specalized connected, gated channel that allows the receptor to travel directly to afferent neurons

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19
Q

Somatosensory pathways

A

Stimuli’s to receptors to afferent to brain stem or spinal cord to thalamus to higher cortex

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20
Q

Stimuli’s goes to

A

Receptors

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21
Q

Receptors go to

A

Afferent

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22
Q

The afferent is a

A

First order

23
Q

Afferent goes to

A

Brain or spinal cord

24
Q

Brain stem or spinal cord goes to

A

Thalamus
(This is second order)

25
Q

Thalamus goes to

A

Higher cortex
(Third order)

26
Q

Slow adaptation

A

Keeps producing
-proprioceptors, stretch reflexes

27
Q

Phasic adaptation

A

Fire when stimuli’s is applied
-there is a blip when its off
Example- touch and olfaction

28
Q

Second order neuron always goes too

A

Thalamus

29
Q

Acuity

A

Influenced by receptors field size
-there is a discriminative ability
-large and small fields

30
Q

Large fields are

A

One point perspectives

31
Q

Small fields are

A

Two points perspectives
-two different afferent neurons

32
Q

Lateral inhibition

A

Area closest to the stimuli’s out stimulizes the neurons around

33
Q

Free nerve ending

A

Senses hair movement and itching
Found: base of hair follicle

34
Q

Meissners corpuscles

A

Senses light touches, flutter and stroking
Found: finger tips, lips and nipples

35
Q

Marker discs

A

Texture and steady pressure
-mammary glands

36
Q

Ruffini corpuscles

A

Respond to skin stretch
-deeper layers of skin

37
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Senses vibration, deep pressure and touch
-most common

38
Q

Fast pain

A

Sharp stabbing pain
-first stage pain
-myelinated

39
Q

Slow pain

A

Dull aching pain
-second stage
-unmyelinated

40
Q

Nociceptors

A

Pain receptors

41
Q

Somatic pain

A

Pain that should not last long
Example- muscle pain

42
Q

An injury by pain definition

A

Pain that lasts longer than it should

43
Q

Referred or visceral pain

A

Deep organ pain that is felt on the skin level
Example: heart pain is felt on left arm/shoulder

44
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Chronic pain that doesn’t every go away
-usually inexplainable

45
Q

Phantom pain

A

Pain coming from an amputated area

46
Q

First order afferent neuron releases

A

Substance P

47
Q

Substance P

A

Excites the dorsa horn and brain stem

48
Q

Glutamate

A

Contains two receptors

49
Q

What are the two receptor types of glutamate

A

AMPA and NMDA

50
Q

AMPA stands for

A

Amino, methyl, phosphotonic, acid

51
Q

What is the function of AMPA

A

Increased permeability of Na+ and K+

52
Q

NMDA stands for

A

N-methyl-D-aspartate

53
Q

What does NMDA do

A

It is a hyperexcitator
-that triggers a secretion of Calcium to amplifie the message of pain

54
Q

What’s an example of NMDA

A

Post surgery paitents complain of intense pain due to hypersensbility

human physiology i (10 decks)

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