DNA

Question 1

Purines

Answer 1

2 ringed nitrogenous bases: Adenine and Guanine

Question 2

Pyrimidines

Answer 2

1 ringed nitrogenous bases: Cytosine, Thymine

Question 3

Adenine and Thymine form how many bonds?

Answer 3

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 4

Guanine and Cytosine form how many bonds?

Answer 4

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 5

What is the base-pairing rule?

Answer 5

number of A = T
number of C = G

Question 6

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 6

Double-helix structure; nitrogenous bases in the middle; sugar and phosphates group in the ladder part

Question 7

What sugar does DNA have?

Answer 7

deoxyribose

Question 8

What sugar does RNA have?

Answer 8

ribose

Question 9

Nitrogenous bases form…

Answer 9

hydrogen bonds

Question 10

A sugar from one nucleotide and a phosphate group from another nucleotide form…

Answer 10

covalent bonds

Question 11

Why is DNA replication a semi-conservative model.

Answer 11

Because one half of the old strand is kept to use as a template. The end result is one half of the old strand and one half of the newly made one.

Question 12

DNA helicase

Answer 12

Breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases to split the DNA molecule into two separate strands

Question 13

DNA polymerase

Answer 13

catalyzes the making of covalent bonds between sugars and phosphate groups when making a new polynucleotide chain.

Question 14

What is the end result of DNA replication?

Answer 14

One half old strand, one half new strand.

Question 15

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 15

Before the cell divides

Question 16

Why does DNA replication occur?

Answer 16

In preparation for cell division; each new cell gets the same genetic info as the OG cell

Question 17

Chromatin

Answer 17

The form that DNA is in during normal cell activity

Question 18

Chromosome

Answer 18

The form that DNA is in when the cell divides

Question 19

Histones

Answer 19

Proteins that the DNA molecule is wrapped around to condense

Question 20

Where is DNA?

Answer 20

in the nucleus

Question 21

When a DNA molecule unzips at a certain region, what is this are called?

Answer 21

replication bubble

Question 22

What did Rosalind Franklin do? What did she discover?

Answer 22

took an x-ray of DNA and discovered the structure of DNA (sugar and phosphate on the sides and nitrogenous bases in the middle)

Question 23

What did Watson and Crick do? What did they discover?

Answer 23

made a model of DNA; twisted double helix and base-pairs

Question 24

What makes up the backbone of DNA?

Answer 24

phosphate and sugar

Question 25

What is Chargaff’s rule?

Answer 25

DNA should have a 1:1 ratio (G=C, A=T)

Question 26

Why is metaphase important?

Answer 26

DNA lines uo to ensure exact copies can be pulled to each side

Question 27

The 2 strands of DNA are ____ to each other

Answer 27

anti-parallel