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Biology > Meiosis + Fertilization > Flashcards

Meiosis + Fertilization Flashcards

1
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

when two organisms come together to make offspring through fertilization

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2
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells (egg, sperm)

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3
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

chromosomes that are the same size and shape and have the same genes

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4
Q

Diploid

A

a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes (2n)

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5
Q

Haploid

A

a cell with one set of chromosomes (n)

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6
Q

Zygote

A

a cell that is made from fertilization (when the egg and sperm meet; a fertilized egg)

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7
Q

Tetrad

A

a structure that consists of homologous chromosomes

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8
Q

Crossing Over

A

the exchange of genes between the chromosomes in a tetrad

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9
Q

The process of meiosis helps ____ diversity

A

genetic

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10
Q

Purpose of Meiosis

A

to create gametes with half the number of chromosomes

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11
Q

Meiosis I

A

homologous chromosomes are split

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12
Q

Purpose of Meiosis I

A

to pair up homologous chromosomes; cross-over; genetic diversity; split homologous chromosomes

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13
Q

Stages in Meiosis I

A

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I

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14
Q

End result of Meiosis I

A

2 cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent

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15
Q

Meiosis II

A

to split sister chromatids and make gametes

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16
Q

Stages in meiosis II

A

Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

17
Q

End result of Meiosis II

A

4 non-identical cells with half the number of chromosomes at the parent

18
Q

How many divisions happen during mitosis?

A

1

19
Q

How many divisions happen during meiosis?

A

2

20
Q

Fertilization

A

the process where an egg and a sperm cell meet to make a zygote

21
Q

Zygote

A

a cell created from fertilization; a fertilized egg

a diploid cell made from two haploid cells meeting

22
Q

Cycle of Life

A

Adults –> Meiosis –> Egg and Sperm –> Fertilization –> Zygote –> Mitosis –> makes an embryo —> Mitosis into an adult

23
Q

Synapsis

A

the pairing of homologous chromosomes and cross-over

24
Q

Somatic Cell

A

a cell that is any cell of a living organism that is not a reproductive cell

25
Q

What cells divide during meiosis?

A

sex organ cells (ovaries, testes)

26
Q

Once the chromosomes have formed a pair, what are they called?

A

tetrad

27
Q

Recombinant Chromatids

A

paired chromosomes that have already exchanged the same type of gene in their non-sister chromatids

28
Q

After meiosis how many copies of chromosomes do each cell have?

A

one copy of half of the genetic information

29
Q

What type of cells does meiosis result in?

A

gametes

30
Q

Why does crossing-over rarely occur in mitosis, unlike meiosis?

A

tetrads rarelt form in mitosis

Biology (42 decks)

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