Nervous System: electrochemical

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

made up of the brain and spinal cord; processes information and formulates responses

Question 2

3 Main Parts of the Brain

Answer 2

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

Question 3

brainstem

Answer 3

connects the brain and spinal cord; controls involuntary movement(breathing); regulates the flow of information

Question 4

cerebrum

Answer 4

responsible for voluntary and conscious activities; learning, judging, and intelligence

Question 5

cerebellum

Answer 5

coordinates and balances the actions of muscles

coordination and balance (involuntary…kind of)

Question 6

spinal cord

Answer 6

the link between the brain and the rest of the nerves in the body

Question 7

interneurons

Answer 7

neurons that process information from sensory neurons and send messages to other interneurons or motor neurons

Question 8

Where are interneurons found?

Answer 8

brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Question 9

reflexes

Answer 9

quick, automatic responses to a stimulus

Question 10

Pathway of a reflex

Answer 10

stimulus –> sensory receptor –> spinal cord —> effector —> response

Question 11

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 11

gathers the information and sends to CNS, and carries the response

made up of nerves and other supporting cells

Question 12

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

Answer 12

sensory and motor

Question 13

Sensory nerves

Answer 13

carries the impulse that contains the information that the sensory receptor gathered

Question 14

Motor nerves

Answer 14

carries the response from the CNS to effectors (glands and muscles)

Question 15

Three types of stimuli/response pathways are…?

Answer 15

typical, eyes and ears, reflex

Question 16

Typical Stimulus Response Pathway

Answer 16

stimulus —> receptor —> sensory nerves —> spinal cord then up spinal cord —> brain —-> down spinal cord —> motor nerves —> effectors —> response

Question 17

Stimulus Response Pathway in eyes and ears

Answer 17

stimulus —> receptor —> sensory nerves —-> directly to brain —> down spinal cord —> motor nerves —> effectors —> response

Question 18

Stimulus Response Pathway for reflexes

Answer 18

stimulus —> receptors —> sensory nerves —> spinal cord —> motor nerves —> effectors

(typically in response to danger)

Question 19

Structure of a neuron

Answer 19

dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheaths, axon terminal

Question 20

cell body of a neuron

Answer 20

contains the nucleus and other organelles

Question 21

dendrites

Answer 21

carries impulse from other neurons/stimulus to the nerve cell body

Question 22

axon

Answer 22

Carries impulse away from the nerve cell body and produces the neurotransmitters that cause a response

Question 23

myelin sheaths

Answer 23

insulated membrane that surrounds a long axon with gaps

Question 24

axon terminal

Answer 24

the end part of the axon where neurotransmitters leave

Question 25

nodes

Answer 25

the gaps between myelin sheaths

Question 26

neurotransmitters

Answer 26

Chemicals that transmit an impulse across the synapse

Question 27

synapse

Answer 27

the space between two neuron cells or other cells

Question 28

receptors

Answer 28

a transducer(device that converts something into another) that the neurotransmitter binds to

Question 29

What is the nervous system’s way of communicating?

Answer 29

through impulses passed through nerves

(electrical and chemical, electrochemical)

Question 30

Thermoregulation

Answer 30

the regulation of temperature within the body; negative feedback

Question 31

What part of the brain senses changes in temperature for thermoregulation?

Answer 31

hypothalamus sends out signals to effectors

Question 32

What is the response in the body if the body is decreasing in temp?

Answer 32

blood vessels constrict, muscles shiver to conserve heat and create heat

Question 33

What is the response in the body if the body is increasing in temp?

Answer 33

blood vessels dilate (expand), sweat glands increase sweat production to cool off

Question 34

Communication Method
endocrine vs. nervous

Answer 34

endocrine: chemical (hormones)

nervous: electrochemical (electrical and neurotransmitters)

Question 35

Target of Stimulation
endocrine vs. nervous

Answer 35

endocrine: target cells

nervous: other neurons, muscles, glands

Question 36

Speed of Response
endocrine vs. nervous

Answer 36

endocrine: relatively slower

nervous: very fast

Question 37

Duration of Response
endocrine vs. nervous

Answer 37

endocrine: long-lasting (keeps going even after stimulus is gone)

nervous: short (seconds/milliseconds)

Question 38

Area of Response
endocrine vs. nervous

Answer 38

endocrine: has an effect on the entire body (ex. lowers temp entire body)

nervous: specific localized areas (move only finger)