Cell Cycle

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

the phase when a cell is growing and preparing for cell division; when the cell is not dividing

Question 2

G1

Answer 2

Gap 1

part of interphase; cell growth/normal cell activity

Question 3

S

Answer 3

Synthesis

part of interphase; DNA replication

Question 4

G2

Answer 4

Gap 2

part of interphase; protein + organelle synthesis

Question 5

G0

Answer 5

Gap 0

outside of the interphase phase; resting/normal cell activity/ the cell isn’t preparing to divide

Question 6

Mitotic Phase

Answer 6

the cell is dividing; mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

nuclear division

Question 8

Phases of Mitosis

Answer 8

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 9

What happens during prophase?

Answer 9

duplicated chromosomes are condensed more into sister chromatids; nuclear membrane breaks down, nucleolus dissappears; spindle forms; centrioles begin to move to opposite ends

Question 10

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 10

spindle fibers from each pole of the cell attach to the centromeres; spindle fibers move the chromosomes into a line in the middle

Question 11

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 11

spindle fibers separate the sister chromatids and move them to opposite ends of the cell; sister chromatids are now considered daughter chromosomes; cell elongates

Question 12

What happens during telophase?

Answer 12

nuclear membrane reforms; nucleolus becomes visible; chromosomes are unwind into chromatin; animal cell starts to pinch in

Question 13

Cytokinesis

Answer 13

division of the cell membrane + cytoplasm

Question 14

Differences of cytokinesis in plant cells and animal cells

Answer 14

plant cells - cell plate
animal cells - cleavage furrow

Question 15

Cytokinesis in Animal cells

Answer 15

cell membrane draws inward and cytoplasm is pinched into two equal parts; each cell contains a nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles

Question 16

Cytokinesis in Plant cells

Answer 16

cell plate forms in the middle of the divided nuclei; slowly develops into a cell membrane that separate the cells; then a cell wall forms in between the two membranes to officially separate them

Question 17

Purposes of mitosis?

Answer 17

asexual reproduction, growth of an organism, repair of an organism

Question 18

Result of mitosis

Answer 18

two nuclei that are identical to each other (number and kind of chromosomes)

Question 19

mitotic spindle

Answer 19

an apparatus of microtubules that controls the movement of chromosomes during mitosis

Question 20

Binary Fission

Answer 20

asexual reproduction in prokaryote cells

Question 21

How does the nuclear membrane dissolving help cell division?

Answer 21

frees the DNA; allows spindles to attach to the centromere

Question 22

Why are chromosomes seen as sister chromatids during prophase?

Answer 22

DNA has been replicated/duplicated before cell division; each sister chromatid has identical information

Question 23

How often does bacteria divide?

Answer 23

every 20 minutes

Question 24

How often does the stomach lining divide?

Answer 24

2 days

Question 25

How often do skin cells divide?

Answer 25

20 days

Question 26

What type of cells does mitosis result in?

Answer 26

somatic cells