Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NMSK > CARTILAGE > Flashcards

CARTILAGE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of cartilage

A

Smooth bearing surface
Flexible interface between bones
Flexible support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where may we find cartilage

A

Outer ear
Sternum
Cartilage rings of trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does cartilage grow?

A

Interstitial growth (from within)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the matrix of cartilage like?

A

No minerals
No blood vessels
No nerves
Different cells, proteins and microstructure to osteoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do we find hyaline/ articular cartilage?

A

Synovial joints
Sternum
Embryos before bone is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of collagen does hyaline/ articular cartilage have

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the structure of hyaline/ articular cartilage like?

A

No blood vessels
No nerves
No lymphatics (not great for repairing itself)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the hyaline/ articular cartilage designed to do?

A

Shock absorber
Withstand and distribute load
Act as an elastic shock absorber
Wear resistance to articular joints
Be self maintaining —> grow and repair itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is articular/ hyaline cartilage designed to do?

A

Withstand and distribute load
Act as an elastic shock absorber
Provide a wear resistant surface to articular joints
Self maintained (grows back slowly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do we find fibrocartilage?

A

Intervertebral disks
Where tendons attach to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What collagen is in the extracellular matrix of fibrocartilage?

A

Type 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the structure of fibrocartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage is a combination of dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage. The chondrocytes are dispersed among the collagen fibers singularly, in rows
Less matrix than in other cartilage types
No perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

For tough support or great tensile strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do you find elastic cartilage?

A

Outer ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is difference between hyaline and elastic cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage has elastin in matrix
Elastin cartilage doesn’t calcify in ageing process like hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is difference between fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage/

A

Fibrocartilage has no elastin fibres
Fibrocartilage has no perichondrium

17
Q

What function of elastic cartilage?

A

To keep tubes open

18
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

The only cells found in the cartilage
They produce and maintain the matrix

19
Q

Why can’t you have thick amounts of cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes obtain their nutrition and O2 via diffusion

20
Q

What sort of growth does cartilage have and why?

A

Interstitial growth
Chondrocytes continue secreting new matrix when embedded in the matrix, so internal expansion
Chondrocytes are capable of division within the matrix

21
Q

What the four different layers of cartilage?

A

Superficial
Middle
Deep
Calcified (closest to the bone)

22
Q

In hyaline/ articular cartilage, what portion of dry weight is type II cartilage?

A

50%

23
Q

What are the two parts hyaline cartilage is made up from?

A
  1. 3D latticework of type II collagen
  2. Hydrated gel
24
Q

How does the latticework of collagen fibres differ throughout the layers of cartilage?

A

Superficial/ middle are more horizontal orientated
Deep are more vertical
Deeper fibres (interfaced with bone) calcify

25
Q

What is the structure of the hydrated gel?

A

Chondrocytes
No blood vessels
No lymphatics
No nerves
Deeper portion calcifies

26
Q

What is Aggroglycan

A

The major glycoprotein in the articular cartilage

27
Q

What does Aggrecan do?

A

Contributes to water retention and provides resistance to compression

28
Q

How does aggregan help with load bearing

A

Proteoglycan aggregates are depicted as being entrapped by collagen fibrils. In the relaxed state the aggregates swell as the anionic chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate chains draw water into the tissue until an equilibrium is attained in which swelling is balance by tensile forces in the collagen fibrils. Under compression, water is displaced and the chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate chains are brought into closer proximity, so increasing their swelling potential and balancing the applied load. The increased swelling potential is dissipated upon removal of the load as the original equilibrium is restored.

Pitcture on one note

29
Q

What happens when cartilage is compressed

A

Negatively charged sites of aggrecan are pushed closer together, which increases their repulsive force, so cartilage becomes stiffer
As volume of cartilage has decreased due to compression, water flows out

30
Q

Why do the prteoglycans spread out an occupy a large space

A

They have negative charges from sulfate groups and carboxylate groups

31
Q

What happens when cartilage is decompressed

A

Water flows back into cartilage as volume increases
Aggregan molecules become further apart

NMSK (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions