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NMSK > Neuron Cells And Brain > Flashcards

Neuron Cells And Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three different functions of neurons and explain the difference between afferent neurons, interneurons and efferent neurons.

A

Sensory neurones (afferent neurones)
Motor neurones (efferent neurones)
Relay neurones (inter neurons)

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2
Q

What do afferent neurones do

A

conduct impulses from sensory receptors into the CNS

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3
Q

What do the inter neurons do?

A

located in the CNS
Bridge sensory and motor neurons

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4
Q

What do efferent neurons do?

A

conduct impulses out of the CNS to effectors

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5
Q

Name the three different structures found in the body

A

Multipolar neurone
Pseudounipolar neuron
Bipolar neuron

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6
Q

What is. Multipolar neuron and where is it found

A

Several dendrites
1 axon
Motor neuron and can be in CNS

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7
Q

What is the structure of a pseudounipolar neuron like and where is it found

A

Axon and dendron
Sensory neurons

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8
Q

What is the structure of bipolar neurons like and where are they found

A

have 2 processes one at either end (this type of neuron is found in: the retina, inner ear, brain (olfaction area only))

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9
Q

Give five examples of sensory neurons

A

Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptor
Electroreceptor

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10
Q

What are the two types of motor neurons

A

Autonomic (adrenaline)
Somatic (acetylcholine)

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11
Q

Give the two names of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system and explain their function

A

Schwann cells —> insulators so speed up signal transmissiom
Satellite cells —> support the functions (homeostasis) of neurons within the sensory and autonomic ganglia. supply nutrients to the surrounding neurons and also have some structural function.

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12
Q

Give the four names of neuroglia in the central nervous system and their
function

A

Oligodendrocytes —> myelinate part of CNS, can spread round several axons

Astrocytes —> for, junction between capillaries and neurones. Maintain ion coneventraiom. Take up some neurotransmitters to reuse. Involved in blood brain barrier. Uses glucose from blood to turn into lactate for energy for neuron cells

Microglia —> phagocytose pathogens and cellular debris, form the immune system of the brain and the spinal cord.

Ependymal cells —> control production and flow on cerebrospinal fluid, beat cilia to help it flow

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13
Q

What is each cerbral hemisphere divided up into

A

the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, insula , and the temporal lobe

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14
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the brain control?

A

Motor control of right side of the body

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15
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the brain control

A

Motor control of right side of the body
Spatial ability
Perception

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16
Q

What does the frontal lobe control

A

Emotions
Personality
Attention skills
Decision making/ problem solving

17
Q

What does the temporal lobe control

A

Processes and understands sounds

18
Q

What does the parietal lobe control

A

Visuspatial processing
Tells our body where things are alrumd us

19
Q

What does the occipital lobe control

A

Vision

20
Q

What does the basal ganglia do

A

motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions.

21
Q

What is the role of the hippocampus

A

Long term memory

22
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum

A

conduit allowing information to transmit from one side of the brain to the other

23
Q

What structures make up the limbic system

A

the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus.

24
Q

What is the function of the limbic system

A

process and regulate emotion and memory while also dealing with sexual stimulation and learning

25
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex

A

planning of) movement, perception, learning

26
Q

What is the function of the thalamus

A

The thalamus plays a major role in regulating arousal, levels of consciousness and levels of activity.

27
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

The function of the hypothalamus is mainly related to the overall regulation of the Endocrine System.
Appetite
Reproduction response

28
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

integration and control of posture and movem

29
Q

What is the function of pons

A

Mange’s sleep schedule
Manages pain signals
Junction point for 4 cranial nerves

30
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata

A

Controls autonomic things like heart beat and respiration

31
Q

What division of the brain does the thalamus arise from

A

Diancepholon

32
Q

What is the function of the thalamus

A

Major relay station for sensory information
Receives motor information from cerebrum and basal ganglia, then passes it onto the motor region of the cortex

33
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

Links endocrine and nervous system
Homeostasis
Regulatory centre for ANS

34
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland

A

Hormonal regulation
Metabolism, growth, sexual maturation

35
Q

Where is the pineal gland located

A

Caudal of pituitary gland

36
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland

A

Produced of melatonin for body clock regulation
Seasonal regulation
Sleep/ wake cycle
Reproduction
Fur coat changes

37
Q

What is the function of the limbic system

A

Emotion and behaviour

38
Q

What are some common structures considered part of the limbic system

A

Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Maxillary bodies

39
Q

Give the classification of neurons as a function of the nerve impulse velocity and give example of anatomical locations.

A

The larger the diameter of the fibre and the thicker the myelin sheath the faster the transmission velocity

In the CNS - brain, spinal cord

NMSK (47 decks)

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