Soft Palate And Phayrnx Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the soft palate

A

-forms a moveable partition between the oropharynx and the nasopharynx
-made of muscle overhead by non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
-extends laterally to form the palatoglossal and palatophayngeal arches
-receives sensory innervation via the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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2
Q

Muscles of the soft palate

A

Levator veli palatini
Tensor veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus

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3
Q

Origin of the levator veli palatini

A

Auditory tubes and petrous part of temporal bone

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4
Q

Insertion of Levator veli palatini

A

Palatine aponeurosis (connective tissue)

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5
Q

Action of the levator veli palatini

A

Tenses soft palate and equalises pressure in middle ear

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6
Q

Innervation of levator veli palatini

A

Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)

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7
Q

Origin of tensor veli palatini

A

Auditory tubes and sphenoid bone

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8
Q

Insertion of tensor veli palatini

A

Palatine aponeurosis

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9
Q

Action of tensor veli palatini

A

Tenses soft palate and equalises pressure in middle ear

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10
Q

innervation of tensor veli palatini

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal

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11
Q

Origin of Palatoglossus

A

Palatine aponeurosis

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12
Q

Insertion of Palatoglossus

A

Posterolateral aspect of the tongue

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13
Q

Action of Palatoglossus

A

Elevates the tongue and narrows the oropharyngeal isthmus

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14
Q

Innervation of Palatoglossus

A

Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)

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15
Q

Origin of Palatopharyngeus

A

Palatine aponeurosis

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16
Q

Insertion of Palatopharyngeus

A

Lateral pharyngeal wall

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17
Q

Action of Palatopharyngeus

A

Elevates the pharynx

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18
Q

Innervation of the Palatopharyngeus

A

Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)

19
Q

Functions of the soft palate

A

-seals of the nasopharynx in swallowing and speech
-narrows oropharyngeal isthmus, elevates tongue and assures in elevation of pharynx during swallowing

20
Q

What is the pharynx

A

-fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the oesophagus
-anterior openings for nose, mouth and larynx

21
Q

Divisions of the pharynx

A

Nasophraynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

22
Q

Functions of the pharynx

A

-passageway for food and air
-important roles in swallowing
-articulation

23
Q

Nasopharynx

A

-extends from base of skull to tip of uvula
-lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epitleum with goblet cells

24
Q

Important features of the nasopharynx

A

-ostium(opening) of the auditory (eustachian) tube
-pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
-tubal tonsils

25
Q

Sensory innervation of nasopharynx

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal and glossopharyngeal

26
Q

Oropharynx

A

Extends from uvula to tip of epiglottis
- Lined by non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
- Oropharyngeal isthmus in anterior wall, therefore contains:
- Palatoglossal folds
- Palatopharngeal folds
- Tonsillar recess and palatine tonsils
- Posterior 1/3 of tongue runs vertically in the anterior wall- lingual tonsils
- Mucosa of tongue reflected onto epiglottis to form the valleculae and the medial and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

27
Q

Sensory innervation of orophaynx

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

28
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

-extends from epiglottis to the oesophagus
-laryngeal inlet located anteriorly-bounded by the aryepiglottic folds and the epiglottis
-piriform recess lateral to laryngeal inlet
-lined by non keratinise stratified squamous epithelium

29
Q

Laryngopharynx sensory innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal and vagus

30
Q

Walleys ring

A

A ring of lymphoid tissue that guards the entrance of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems

31
Q

Muscles of pharynx

A

Constrictor muscles and longitudinal muscles

32
Q

What are constrictor muscles

A

-three pairs of muscles that overlap each others and meet posteriorly at the pharyngeal raphe
-superior, middle, inferior
-contract sequentially to push bolus goo into oesophagus
-innervated by pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

33
Q

Superior constrictor

A

-origin- sphenoid bone, mandible and pterygomanidbular raphe
-insertion- pharyngeal tubercle (on the occipital bone anchored to skull) and pharyngeal raphe

34
Q

Middle constrictor

A

-origin- hyoid bone and stylohoid ligament
-insertion- pharyngeal raphe

35
Q

Inferior constrictor

A

-two parts thryopharyngeus part and cricopharyngeus part
-origin- thyroid cartilage
-origin- cricoid cartilage
Insertion- pharyngeal raphe

36
Q

Longitudinal muscles

A

-three pairs of muscles run into a superior to inferior direction
-shorten and widen the pharynx
-elevate the pharynx and larynx
-open the auditory tube

37
Q

What are the 3 pairs of longitudinal muscles

A

-salpingopharyngeus
-Stylopharyngeus
-Palatopharyngeus

38
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

A

Origin-auditory tube
Insertion- lateral pharyngeal wall
Innervation- pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

39
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

Origin-styloïde process temporal bone
Insertion- posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and the lateral pharyngeal wall
Innervation- glossopharyngeal nerve

40
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

Origin- palatine aponeurosis
Insertion- posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and lateral pharyngeal wall
-innervation- pharyngeal plexus

41
Q

Pharyngeal plexus

A

-located on the outer wall of constrictor muscles
-consists of
-sensory fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve
-motor fibres from the vagus nerve
-sympathetic fibres (vasomotor)

42
Q

CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve

A

-arias in the medulla oblongata
-exits the skull at the jugular foramen
-general sensation from pharynx, poste 1/3 tongue and ear
-taste sensation from posterior 1/3 tongue and pharynx
-visceral sensation from carotid body and sinus
-parasympathetic to parotid gland
-motor to Stylopharyngeus muscle

43
Q

CN X - vagus nerve

A

-arises in the medulla oblongata
-exits the skull at the jugular foramen
-general sensation from pharynx, larynx and palate
-parasympathetic to viscera of chest and abdomen
-visceral sensory to aortic bodies and sinus