Weight Management and Disordered Eating Flashcards
what is the source of energy in our food?
macronutrients
Storing _______ as energy is the most energy efficient
dietary fat
what percentage of the energy from fat is used to store it?
2-3%
Converting excess macronutrients for storage is a multistep process that requires what?
energy
how is dietary protein used for energy storage?
- Used to synthesize proteins
- Excess is converted into glucose (gluconeogenesis) and used for energy or stored as glycogen
how is dietary carbs used for energy storage?
- Used to maintain blood glucose levels and stored as glycogen
- Excess is used for energy
how is dietary fats used for energy storage?
- Used for energy
- Excess is stored as fat
how much kcal of glycogen is stored in the liver an muscle?
1400 kcal
how much kcal of glucose or free fatty acids is stored in the body fluids (blood)?
100 kcal
how much kcal of triglycerides is stored in the adipose tissue?
115, 000 kcal
how much kcal of functional protein is stored in the muscle?
25, 000 kcal
what is the total amount of kcal for glycogen, glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides and functional protein?
141, 500 kcal
Energy Intake - Energy Requirements =
0
Positive Energy Balance = Extra Energy =
energy storage
Negative Energy Balance = Insufficient Energy =
depletion of stores
Consuming more energy then needed will results in:
energy storage
Consuming less energy then needed will result in:
use of energy reserves
Energy needs will directly impact:
energy balance
what is Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)?
EER = Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR, REE) + Activity Level (Exercise and Non-exercise) + Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
what factors influence BMR?
Age and Gender
Height and Weight
Life Stage (Pregnancy, Lactation, Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence)
Hormones (i.e. Thyroid Hormone)
Stress, Fever, Illness
Genetics
Drugs and other compounds (e.g. caffeine)
Starvation and Fasting
what are external cues for energy intake?
Time
Food Availability
Food Quality
Social Norms and Influences