Week 5 Flashcards
VATER (VACTERL) is an acronym that stands for the affected parts of the body including the ________,_______,________,___________,______,_________,_________
vertebrae, anus, cardiac(heart) , trachea, esophagus, kidney and limbs
Fever is associated with ______ and _______
Chills and rigor
Is VATER syndrome a hereditary condition?
No
Rigor is a sudden feeling of _____ with ______ accompanied by a ___ in temperature, often with copious _______, especially at the onset or height of a ________.
cold; shivering
rise; sweating
fever
Full meaning?
P
O
T
T
E
R
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Oligohydraminos
Twisted skin
Twisted face
Extremities defect
Renal agenesis
Hydrocalycosis is defined as ________ of a ________ with a demonstrable connection to the renal ______ and an epithelial lining of the cyst wall.
cystic dilatation
major calyx
pelvis
A urinoma is a mass formed by ________________________ .
encapsulated extravasated urine
urinary ascites typically result from spontaneous _________ with ________ of urine into the _________ compartment
bladder rupture; leakage
intraperitoneal
Boundaries of femoral triangle
The borders of the femoral triangle are the ________ superiorly, the _____________ medially, and the __________ laterally.
inguinal ligament
adductor longus muscle
sartorius muscle
Contents of the femoral triangle???
Nerve
Artery
Vein
Empty space
Lymphatics
mastopexy operation to _____________
orchidopexy ,an operation to ________________ and fix it there
gastropexy, surgical _______________________
lift and fix the breast
move an undescended testicle into the scrotum
attachment of the stomach to the intestinal wall.
Due to Bladder outlet obstruction, the bladder gets ________, then ________ leading to __________ muscles which can lead to __________; while the resulting __________ can become a _________
Dilated
Distended
Disarrayed
Traberculation
Sacculation
Diverticuli
A thyroglossal cyst is a congenital _____ filled sac, commonly presenting in (younger or older?) patients (typically ______yrs) and have _______ incidence between men and women.
fluid; younger
<20
equal
Embryology of Thyroglossal Cysts
During embryonic development, the thyroid gland originates from the ______________ ( ____________ ), migrating down to its final position in the neck and connecting back to the tongue via the _____________.
In normal development, this duct will obliterate, however thyroglossal cysts occur when portions of this duct remain patent, creating cavities that may fill with _______ and being prone to infection.
base of the tongue
foramen caecum; thyroglossal duct
fluid
Thyroglossal cysts present as a (palpable or non-palpable ?) (painful or painless?) midline mass that move up with ________ and __________.
When infected, they can _________ and become _______.
Palpable; painless
swallowing and protrusion of the tongue
increase in size ; painful
Standard treatment of a thyroglossal cyst is _____________, with the modified ____________ being the most widely used.
surgical intervention
Sistrunk procedure
Sistrunk Procedure
The central body of the ___________ is removed to allow complete removal of the entire _________. There is a high chance of recurrence if the _____________________ is not removed.
hyoid bone ; thyroglossal tract
medial portion of the hyoid bone
Hyoid bone
____-shaped bone in the neck which _______________.
U
supports the tongue.
It is essential that patients with thyroglossal cyst have _________ scan of the neck to identify the thyroid gland pre-operatively, as the only functioning thyroid tissue may be attached to the cyst and risks getting excised during the procedure.
an ultrasound
Branchial cysts are congenital masses which arise in the ______ aspect of the ________, typically anterior to the __________
lateral; neck
sternocleidomastoid (SCM
A ranula is a _________ or _________, that forms in the ———- under the ________.
It is filled with _________ that has leaked out of a ____________________
fluid collection, or cyst
mouth; tongue
saliva (spit)
damaged salivary gland.
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) is a hereditary condition associated with _________________. VHL-related tumors include hemangioblastomas, which are blood vessel tumors of the brain, spinal cord, and retina.
tumors arising in multiple organs
Brodie’s abscess is defined as a ____________ of the bone. It is an uncommon condition, usually mistaken for being a ______________ , and has been frequently observed to involve the _________ of bones (especially _____)
subacute osteomyelitis
bone tumor
metaphysis; tibia
Complications of undescended testes??
Fertility(lack of)
Atrophy
Inflammation
Testicular torsion, trauma and tumor
Hernias
Contraindication of hypospadias is??
Circumcision
Hydrocele
A _____-filled sac around a ________, often first noticed as ________________.
fluid
testicle
swelling of the scrotum.
A colostomy is surgery to _______________________ . The opening creates a passage from the ___________ to the ___________.
This is so that ___________ and ________ can leave the body through the ________ instead of passing through the _________.
create an opening called a stoma
large intestine ;outside of your body.
solid stool ; gas
stoma ; rectum.
Bedsores — also called _________ and _________ — are injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from ___________________
pressure ulcers ; decubitus ulcers
prolonged pressure on the skin.
Bedsores most often develop on skin that _______________, such as the heels, ankles, hips and tailbone.
covers bony areas of the body
People most at risk of bedsores have medical conditions that _______________________ or cause them to _____________________________
limit their ability to change positions
spend most of their time in a bed or chair.
Bedsores can develop over ______ or _________ .
Most sores heal with treatment, but some never heal completely.
hours or days
Warning signs of bedsores or pressure ulcers are:
Unusual changes in _______ or ______
__________
_______ draining
An area of skin that feels _________________ to the touch than other areas
__________ areas
skin color or texture
Swelling; Pus-like
cooler or warmer
Tender
Clinically, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is identified by two or more symptoms including ____________,_________,_______, and _________
fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and change in blood leucocyte count
SIRS
Temp:
HR:
RR:
WBC:
Less than 36 or greater than 38
Greater than 90bpm
Greater than 20 breaths per min
Less than 4k or greater than 11k
_____________________________ (LODS)
________________________________(SOFA)
Logistic Organ Dysfunction System
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
Criterias in SOFÀ scoring?
Respiratory PO2
Playtelets
GCS
Mean arterial pressure
Liver bilirubin
Renal creatinine