Week 4 Flashcards
Puerperal sepsis is defined as an infection of the _______ occurring at any time between __________ or _______ and _____________\
genital tract
rupture of membrane
labour
42 days postpartum
Full meaning of CTTD
Closed tube Thoracostomy drainage
A chest tube is a surgical drain that is inserted through the _______ and into the _________ or the ________ in order to remove clinically undesired substances such as ______________ , excess fluid (__________ or __________), blood (hemothorax), chyle ( _________ ) or pus ( ____________ ) from the intrathoracic space.
chest wall; pleural space; mediastinum
air (pneumothorax)
pleural effusion or hydrothorax
chylothorax; empyema
Contraindications to chest tube placement include _____________ and presence of a _______________, as well as hepatic _________________.
Additional contraindications include ___________ in the pleural space (____________).
refractory coagulopathy
diaphragmatic hernia
hydrothorax
scarring; adhesions
Contraindications to chest tube placement include _____________ and presence of a _______________, as well as hepatic _________________.
Additional contraindications include ___________ in the pleural space (____________).
refractory coagulopathy
diaphragmatic hernia
hydrothorax
scarring; adhesions
Refractory coagulopathy, defined as ______________ from multiple sites despite ___________________
continued bleeding
ongoing blood component administration
Scaling of pain
0-
2-
4-
6-
8-
10-
No pain
Mild pain
Moderate pain
Severe pain
Very severe pain
Worst pain imaginable
Spondylosis is _____-related change of the bones (vertebrae) and discs of the spine. These changes are often called __________ disease and __________. When this condition is in the ________, it’s called lumbar spondylosis.
age
degenerative disc; osteoarthritis
lower back
Osteopenia is a loss of ________________ that weakens bones. It’s more common in people older than ______, especially _______
bone mineral density (BMD)
50; women
PRN medications: The acronym PRN ( ___________ ) refers to preparations that are prescribed to be administered on _____________ rather then at ___________
Pro re nata
an as needed basis
scheduled intervals.
Parts of a long bone?
Articular Cartilage
Proximal epiphysis
Epiphyseal line
Metaphysis
Diphysis
Metaphysis
Distal epiphysis
Articular cartilage
Ossification centers of the elbow!
Capitellum
Radial head
Internal(medial) epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External (lateral) epicondyle
Compartment syndrome is defined as a _______________ within a confined compartmental space.
critical pressure increase
Compartment syndrome typically occurs following _____-energy trauma, _____ injuries, or _______ that cause vascular injury.
Other causes include iatrogenic vascular injury, ————- or _________ , ___________, and post-reperfusion swelling.
high; crush; fractures
tight casts or splints
deep vein thrombosis
In compartment syndrome , the ______ are first compromised, followed by the ————- therefore leading to _______, and then the _________ are compromised and the limb becomes ________
Veins; traversing nerves
Paresthesia
Artery
Ischemic
Clinical Features of compartment syndrome
Symptoms tend to present within ______, although it can develop up to ________ post-insult.
hours; 48 hours
The most reliable symptom of compartment syndrome is __________, disproportionate to the injury, which is not readily improved with initial measures and made worse by ________________________ traversing the affected fascial compartment.
_________ can occur, however whilst the patient may have had a neuropraxia at the time of the injury, it is the presence of evolving neurology that is most important
severe pain
passively stretching the muscle bellies
Parasthesia
In compartment syndrome
The affected compartment may feel ______ (compared to the contralateral side), but will not generally be _______ (as the fascial compartment is only ______).
tense; swollen
minimally distensible
Acute limb ischemia
often referred to as the ‘5 P’s’):
__________,__________, ____________, _________, __________
Pain ,Pallor , Perishingly cold, Paralysis, and Pulselessness.
Compartment syndrome is most common in the _______ limbs
lower
Compartment syndrome
Definitive treatment is with an emergency ___________
open fasciotomy
Fasciotomy, a procedure in which the __________ to __________ in the ________ compartment
fascia is cut
relieve pressure
muscle
A fracture is ‘open’ when there is a direct communication between _______________________.
This is most often through the _______ – however, pelvic fractures may be internally open, having penetrated in to the _________ or _________
the fracture site and the external environment
skin
vagina or rectum.
Radiological rule of 2??
2 views( AP and L)
2 joints (one above and one below)
2 times
2 sides
